Influencing Factors of Massive Hemorrhage and High-Grade Renal Vascular Injury after PCNL: A Retrospective Comparative Study

Table 4

Univariate analysis of risk factors for high-grade vascular injury (categorical variables).

	Grade III	Grade IV	Grade V	value
Size of sheaths (%)				0.382
F16	1 (6.7)	4 (9.1)	1 (20.0)
F18	12 (80.0)	28 (63.6)	1 (20.0)
F20	2 (13.3)	9 (20.5)	2 (40.0)
F22	(0)	2 (4.5)	0 (0)
F24	0 (0)	1 (2.3)	1 (20.0)
Number of accesses (%)				0.572
1.00	11 (73.3)	37 (84.1)	4 (80)
2.00	2 (13.3)	5 (11.4)	1 (20)
3.00	1 (6.7)	2 (4.5)	0 (0)
4.00	1 (6.7)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Urinary tract infection (%)				0.841
Yes	5 (33.3)	19 (43.2)	2 (40.0)
No	10 (66.7)	25 (56.8)	3 (60.0)
Diabetes (%)				0.020
Yes	6 (40.0)	4 (9.1)	0 (0)
No	9 (60.0)	40 (90.9)	5 (100)
Hypertension (%)				0.714
Yes	7 (46.7)	19 (43.2)	1 (20.0)
No	8 (53.3)	25 (56.8)	4 (80.0)
Surgical side (%)				0.474
Left	9 (60.0)	27 (61.4)	5 (100)
Right	6 (40.0)	17 (38.6)	0 (0)
Hydronephrosis (%)				0.686
Yes	4 (26.7)	16 (36.4)	1 (20.0)
No	11 (93.3)	28 (63.6)	4 (80.0)
History of ipsilateral kidney surgery (%)				0.049
Yes	8 (53.3)	11 (25.0)	0 (0)
No	7 (46.7)	33 (75.0)	5 (100)
Multiple/staghorn stones (%)				0.661
Yes	3 (20.0)	13 (29.5)	2 (40.0)
No	12 (80.0)	31 (70.5)	3 (60.0)
The puncture path in a single puncture (%)				0.406
Upper	2 (13.3)	3 (6.8)	1 (20.0)
Upper middle	2 (13.3)	3 (6.8)	0 (0)
Middle	7 (46.7)	33 (75)	4 (80)
Middle and lower	1 (6.7)	2 (4.6)	0 (0)
Lower	3 (20.0)	3 (6.8)	0 (0)

Data are presented as number (proportion).