Research Article
Influencing Factors of Massive Hemorrhage and High-Grade Renal Vascular Injury after PCNL: A Retrospective Comparative Study
Table 4
Univariate analysis of risk factors for high-grade vascular injury (categorical variables).
| | Grade III | Grade IV | Grade V | value |
| Size of sheaths (%) | | | | 0.382 | F16 | 1 (6.7) | 4 (9.1) | 1 (20.0) | | F18 | 12 (80.0) | 28 (63.6) | 1 (20.0) | | F20 | 2 (13.3) | 9 (20.5) | 2 (40.0) | | F22 | (0) | 2 (4.5) | 0 (0) | | F24 | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (20.0) | | Number of accesses (%) | | | | 0.572 | 1.00 | 11 (73.3) | 37 (84.1) | 4 (80) | | 2.00 | 2 (13.3) | 5 (11.4) | 1 (20) | | 3.00 | 1 (6.7) | 2 (4.5) | 0 (0) | | 4.00 | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | | Urinary tract infection (%) | | | | 0.841 | Yes | 5 (33.3) | 19 (43.2) | 2 (40.0) | | No | 10 (66.7) | 25 (56.8) | 3 (60.0) | | Diabetes (%) | | | | 0.020 | Yes | 6 (40.0) | 4 (9.1) | 0 (0) | | No | 9 (60.0) | 40 (90.9) | 5 (100) | | Hypertension (%) | | | | 0.714 | Yes | 7 (46.7) | 19 (43.2) | 1 (20.0) | | No | 8 (53.3) | 25 (56.8) | 4 (80.0) | | Surgical side (%) | | | | 0.474 | Left | 9 (60.0) | 27 (61.4) | 5 (100) | | Right | 6 (40.0) | 17 (38.6) | 0 (0) | | Hydronephrosis (%) | | | | 0.686 | Yes | 4 (26.7) | 16 (36.4) | 1 (20.0) | | No | 11 (93.3) | 28 (63.6) | 4 (80.0) | | History of ipsilateral kidney surgery (%) | | | | 0.049 | Yes | 8 (53.3) | 11 (25.0) | 0 (0) | | No | 7 (46.7) | 33 (75.0) | 5 (100) | | Multiple/staghorn stones (%) | | | | 0.661 | Yes | 3 (20.0) | 13 (29.5) | 2 (40.0) | | No | 12 (80.0) | 31 (70.5) | 3 (60.0) | | The puncture path in a single puncture (%) | | | | 0.406 | Upper | 2 (13.3) | 3 (6.8) | 1 (20.0) | | Upper middle | 2 (13.3) | 3 (6.8) | 0 (0) | | Middle | 7 (46.7) | 33 (75) | 4 (80) | | Middle and lower | 1 (6.7) | 2 (4.6) | 0 (0) | | Lower | 3 (20.0) | 3 (6.8) | 0 (0) | |
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Data are presented as number (proportion).
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