Research Article
Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Rhabdomyolysis: A Retrospective Study
Figure 4
Pathophysiology of rhabdomyolysis-included acute kidney injury. MB: myoglobin; CO: carbon monoxide; HO-1: heme oxygenase-1; Fe2+: ferrous iron; Fe3+: ferric iron; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; OH−: hydroxyl anion; OH: hydroxyl radical; ET: endothelin; TXA2: thromboxane A2; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α; NO: nitric oxide; RAAS: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; RBF: renal blood flow; TC: tubular cell; THP: Tamm–Horsfall protein.