Physical and Rehabilitation Therapy for Overactive Bladder in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of enrolled studies.

Authors	Years	Treatments	Samples	Outcomes
Bellette	2009	PTNS; Placebo	21; 16	Daytime micturition frequency; Nocturia frequency
Bykoviene	2018	PFMT; PFMT + TTNS; Placebo	20; 19; 22	Daytime micturition frequency; Nocturia frequency
Firinci	2020	BT; BT + BF; BT + ES; BT + BF + ES	17; 16; 17; 16	Daytime micturition frequency; Nocturia frequency
Hargreav	2021	Placebo; Acupuncture	13; 16	Daytime micturition frequency; Nocturia frequency
Jacomo	2020	TTNS; SNS	25; 25	Daytime micturition frequency; Nocturia frequency
Martin-Garcia	2019	PTNS; TTNS	12; 12	Daytime micturition frequency
O’Reilly	2008	SNS; Placebo	33; 30	Daytime micturition frequency
Scaldazza	2017	PFMT + ES; PTNS	30; 30	Daytime micturition frequency; Nocturia frequency
Sonmez	2022	BT; PTNS; TTNS	19; 19; 20	Daytime micturition frequency; Nocturia frequency
Tezer	2022	BT; BT + MStim	36; 35	Daytime micturition frequency; Nocturia frequency
Yildiz	2021	BT; BT + ES	29; 29	Daytime micturition frequency; Nocturia frequency
Zonić-Imamović	2021	TTNS; PTNS	30; 30	Daytime micturition frequency; nocturia frequency

PTNS, percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation; PFMT, pelvic floor muscle training; TTNS, transcutaneous stimulation of the tibial nerve; ES, electrical stimulation; BT, bladder training; BF, biofeedback; SNS, sacral nerve stimulation; and MStim, magnetic stimulation.