Association of Anemia with Parathyroid Hormone Levels and Other Factors in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional, Real-World Data Study in Pakistan
Table 2
Association of covariates with hemoglobin levels.
Variables
Hemoglobin levels
value∗
Correlation∗∗
Anemia (Hb < 12 g/dL)
Normal (Hb:12 g/dL to 16 g/dL)
Age categories
18 – 44 years
114 (33.3%)
48 (14%)
0.009∗∗∗
0.147
45 years and above
153 (44.7%)
27 (8%)
Gender
Male
178 (52%)
56 (16.4%)
0.237
0.062
Female
89 (25%)
19 (5.6%)
Intact parathyroid hormone (pg/mL)
Below target levels (iPTH <150 pg/mL)
9 (5%)
2 (1.1%)
0.005∗∗∗
0.221
Target level (iPTH 150–300 pg/mL)
41 (23%)
2 (1.1%)
Above target levels or hyper (iPTH > 300 pg/mL)
93 (52%)
32 (17.8%)
HBV surface antigen
Positive
12 (3.5%)
0 (0%)
0.076
0.101
Negative
255 (74.5%)
75 (22%)
Anti-HCV
Positive
94 (27.5%)
50 (14.6%)
<0.01∗∗∗
0.272
Negative
173 (50.6%)
25 (7.3%)
Comorbid
None
22 (10%)
0 (0%)
0.009∗∗∗
0.193
Hypertension
137 (59%)
48 (21%)
Diabetes mellitus
20 (8.7%)
3 (1.3%)
Number of dialysis (per week)
Once
14 (4.1%)
1 (0.3%)
<0.01∗∗∗
0.371
Twice
176 (51.6%)
22 (6.5%)
Thrice
76 (22.3%)
52 (15.2%)
∗Fisher’s exact chi-square test was performed. ∗∗Cramer’s V correlation. ∗∗∗ statistically significant.
