Association of Anemia with Parathyroid Hormone Levels and Other Factors in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional, Real-World Data Study in Pakistan

Table 4

Univariate model of covariates with hemoglobin levels.

Variable		Odds ratio	95% CI	value
Gender	Male	1.47	0.82–2.63	0.189^∗∗
	Female	—	—	—
Dialysis per week	Once	0.10	0.01–0.81	0.032^∗∗
	Twice	0.18	0.22–13.9	<0.001^∗∗
	Thrice	—	—	—
Anti-HCV antibodies	Negative	—	—	—
	Positive	3.68	2.14–6.32	<0.001^∗∗
HBV surface antigen	Negative	—	—	—
	Positive	1.00	X	x
Comorbid diseases	None	—	—	—
	Diabetes mellitus	1.00	—	—
	Hypertension	2.35	0.67–8.27	0.146
Intact parathyroid hormone (pg/mL)	Below target levels (iPTH < 150 pg/mL)	—	—	—
	Target levels (iPTH 150–300 pg/mL)	0.21	0.03–1.77	0.155
	Above target levels or hyperparathyroidism (iPTH > 300 pg/mL)	1.54	0.31–7.54	0.589
HBV vaccination status	Yes	0.92	0.52–1.63	0.785
	No	—	—	—
Age categories	18–44 years	—	—	—
	45 years and above	0.41	0.24–0.71	<0.001^∗∗
Months on hemodialysis		1.01	1.00–1.02	<0.001^∗∗

^∗Categories are reference categories. ^∗∗ = statistically significant, level of significance = 0.250.