Development and External Validation of Machine Learning-Based Models for Predicting Lung Metastasis in Kidney Cancer: A Large Population-Based Study

Table 3

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Variables	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	OR		OR
Age	1.012	<0.001	1.007	0.003
Laterality
Left	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Right	0.968	0.515
Sex
Female	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Male	1.49	<0.001	1.184	0.004
Race
Asian	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Black	0.539	<0.001	0.613	<0.001
Other	0.604	0.019	0.604	0.037
White	0.818	0.033	0.821	0.063
T_stage
T1	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
T2	10.922	<0.001	4.591	<0.001
T3	19.599	<0.001	5.885	<0.001
T4	79.462	<0.001	11.172	<0.001
N_stage
N0	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
N1	17.245	<0.001	4.415	<0.001
Tumor_size	1.024	<0.001	1.009	<0.001
Histology
8120	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
8255	0.401	<0.001	1.083	0.782
8260	0.071	<0.001	0.462	0.007
8310	0.206	<0.001	1.217	0.451
8312	0.301	<0.001	1.419	0.192
8317	0.038	<0.001	0.196	<0.001
Other	0.96	0.868	1.497	0.142
Grade
I	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
II	1.755	<0.001	1.235	0.214
III	7.213	<0.001	2.264	<0.001
IV	26.042	<0.001	3.438	<0.001

The bold values indicate that the p value is less than 0.05.