Age and Serum Creatinine Can Differentiate Wilson Disease Patients with Pseudonormal Ceruloplasmin
Table 2
Clinical and biochemical findings in 352 hospitalization records of 86 WD patients.
Variables
Group A1
Group A2
†
Records (n)
231
121
Patients (n)
86
43
Hepatic type
51
23
H-N type
27
16
Neurologic type
8
4
Age
27.0 (18.0, 39.0)
25.0 (16.0, 36.0)
0.362
Serum Cu (μmol/L)
8.2 (6.2, 10.2)
3.5 ± 1.6
≤0.001
Serum Cp (mg/L)
186.2 (166.8, 218.4)
94.2 ± 26.9
≤0.001
Sco (IU/L)
0.219 (0.173, 0.336)
0.085 (0.058, 0.115)
≤0.001
Basic urinary copper (μg/24 h)
137.2 (95.8, 213.1)
112.5 (82.7, 147.9)
0.014
Urinary copper with DMPS (μg/24 h)
1534.7 (1054.1, 2265.3)
983.7 (523.7, 1618.9)
≤0.001
Complete blood count
WBC
5.0 (4.1, 5.9)
5.0 ± 1.5
0.272
PLT (×109/L)
169.0 (111.0, 240.0)
186.1 ± 87.1
0.362
RDW (fL)
42.2 (39.8, 46.4)
43.0 (40.5, 45.7)
0.995
ALT (IU/L)
36.0 (22.0, 55.0)
30.0 (19.0, 46.0)
0.189
AST (IU/L)
31.0 (22.0, 48.0)
26.0 (21.0, 32.5)
0.011
γ-GT (IU/L)
38.0 (23.5, 73.5)
22.0 (17.0, 43.0)
≤0.001
AP (IU/L)
112.0 (79.0, 198.0)
102.5 (71.8, 184.0)
0.380
CHE (IU/L)
5734.8 ± 2334.1
5880.8 ± 1439.5
0.717
Albumin (g/L)
42.1 (36.5, 45.0)
43.9 (40.7, 47.5)
≤0.001
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)
13.6 (9.4, 23.3)
14.6 (10.5, 19.7)
0.793
Cr (μmol/L)
49.7 (40.3, 63.0)
53.0 (42.4, 61.2)
0.728
CHO (mmol/L)
4.3 ± 1.1
4.1 ± 0.9
0.017
PT (s)
12.7 (11.7, 14.2)
12.3 (11.9, 13.6)
0.323
INR
1.1 (1.0, 1.2)
1.0 (1.0, 1.1)
0.228
Liver cirrhosis
141 (61.0%)
64 (52.9%)
0.133
Child–Pugh scores
5.0 (5.0, 6.0)
5.0 (5.0, 5.0)
0.997
Class A (n)
186
115
1.000‡
Classes B and C (n)
45
6
†Univariate generalized linear mixed-effects model analysis. ‡Child–Pugh classes B and C were merged compared to class A due to the limit of the mixed-effects model. The normal distribution parameters are shown as a mean ± standard deviation or else a median and quantile (25%, 75%). H-N, hepatic-neurologic; Cp, ceruloplasmin; Sco, serum ceruloplasmin oxidase; DMPS, dimercaptopropane sulfonate; WBC, white blood cell; PLT, platelet; RDW, red cell distribution width; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; γ-GT, γ-glutamyltransferase; AP, alkaline phosphatase; CHE, cholinesterase; CB, conjugated bilirubin; Cr, creatinine; CHO, cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; PT, prothrombin time; INR, international normalised ratio.
