Research Article
A Practical Model for Predicting Esophageal Variceal Rebleeding in Patients with Hepatitis B-Associated Cirrhosis
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the cohort and baseline comparisons between the nonbleeding and rebleeding groups.
| | | Baseline | Rebleeding within 6 weeks | Rebleeding within 1 year | | No | Yes | . overall | No | Yes | . overall | | N = 263 | N = 21 | N = 223 | N = 61 |
| | Follow-up (weeks) | 66.6 (24.3–135) | 90.3 (66.0) | 4.40 (1.59) | <0.001 | 102 (64.8) | 17.8 (14.8) | <0.001 | | Age (years) | 52.24 (12.89) | 52.4 (13.1) | 50.5 (9.13) | 0.383 | 52.9 (13.1) | 50.0 (11.8) | 0.108 | | Gender | | | | 0.597 | | | 0.848 | | Male | 195 (68.7%) | 179 (68.1%) | 16 (76.2%) | | 152 (68.2%) | 43 (70.5%) | | | Female | 89 (31.3%) | 84 (31.9%) | 5 (23.8%) | | 71 (31.8%) | 18 (29.5%) | | | BMI | 22.0 (3.07) | 21.9 (3.03) | 22.2 (3.61) | 0.736 | 21.8 (2.98) | 22.6 (3.33) | 0.11 | | Baseline LSM (kPa) | 14.2 (10.6–19.2) | 13.8 (10.4–19.0) | 18.3 (11.8–23.8) | 0.024 | 13.4 (10.0–17.7) | 18.8 (13.4–22.9) | <0.001 | | Portal vein diameter (cm) | 1.50 (1.30–1.60) | 1.50 (1.30–1.60) | 1.60 (1.50–1.70) | 0.038 | 1.50 (1.30–1.60) | 1.50 (1.40–1.70) | 0.028 | | PVT | | | | 0.731 | | | 0.384 | | No | 249 (87.7%) | 231 (87.8%) | 18 (85.7%) | | 198 (88.8%) | 51 (83.6%) | | | Yes | 35 (12.3%) | 32 (12.2%) | 3 (14.3%) | | 25 (11.2%) | 10 (16.4%) | | | Using NSBB drugs | | | | 0.001 | | | <0.001 | | No | 98 (34.5%) | 83 (31.6%) | 15 (71.4%) | | 64 (28.7%) | 34 (55.7%) | | | Yes | 186 (65.5%) | 180 (68.4%) | 6 (28.6%) | | 159 (71.3%) | 27 (44.3%) | | | Hemoglobin (g/L) | 99.4 (27.6) | 100 (27.7) | 86.0 (24.0) | 0.015 | 102 (27.5) | 88.2 (25.2) | <0.001 | | White blood count (109/L) | 4.33 (2.25) | 4.38 (2.25) | 3.71 (2.25) | 0.202 | 4.55 (2.21) | 3.53 (2.22) | 0.002 | | Platelet count (109/L) | 93.3 (66.2) | 96.3 (67.1) | 56.0 (37.7) | <0.001 | 101 (70.2) | 64.9 (37.9) | <0.001 | | PT (second) | 14.0 (3.44) | 13.9 (3.50) | 14.5 (2.59) | 0.399 | 13.9 (3.70) | 14.2 (2.25) | 0.48 | | Albumin (g/L) | 35.1 (6.07) | 35.1 (6.06) | 35.0 (6.39) | 0.954 | 35.0 (6.18) | 35.2 (5.70) | 0.818 | | TBIL (μmol/L) | 19.2 (12.8–29.6) | 19.0 (12.8–29.6) | 20.0 (13.3–28.5) | 0.774 | 18.5 (12.3–31.1) | 20.2 (13.9–29.5) | 0.611 | | ALT (U/L) | 24.5 (16.0–41.5) | 25.0 (17.0–43.5) | 17.0 (14.0–28.0) | 0.094 | 25.0 (17.0–44.0) | 22.0 (16.0–35.0) | 0.192 | | AST (U/L) | 35.0 (26.0–52.2) | 35.0 (27.0–53.0) | 26.0 (19.0–39.0) | 0.043 | 35.0 (27.0–53.5) | 32.0 (23.0–49.0) | 0.096 | | ALP (U/L) | 88.0 (62.8–130) | 89.0 (64.0–134) | 72.0 (50.0–96.0) | 0.025 | 90.0 (64.5–136) | 83.0 (56.0–113) | 0.068 | | GGT (U/L) | 32.0 (19.0–74.2) | 34.0 (20.0–81.5) | 21.0 (13.0–33.0) | 0.007 | 34.0 (20.0–90.0) | 27.0 (18.0–52.0) | 0.039 | | BUN (mmol/L) | 5.05 (4.00–6.43) | 5.00 (4.00–6.35) | 5.70 (4.00–6.50) | 0.681 | 5.10 (4.00–6.55) | 5.00 (3.70–6.30) | 0.402 | | Creatinine (μmol/L) | 65.6 (55.7–77.9) | 65.4 (55.8–77.2) | 67.8 (51.1–88.9) | 0.885 | 65.5 (56.4–78.2) | 65.7 (52.2–75.5) | 0.329 | | Sodium (mmol/L) | 139 (5.12) | 137 (15.2) | 139 (6.21) | 0.269 | 137 (16.3) | 137 (6.65) | 0.844 | | Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.88 (0.53) | 5.91 (16.5) | 3.95 (0.67) | 0.057 | 5.82 (16.5) | 5.57 (13.5) | 0.905 | | Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.96 (0.60) | 0.96 (0.58) | 0.91 (0.75) | 0.761 | 0.96 (0.49) | 0.95 (0.89) | 0.961 | | Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.50 (1.58) | 3.54 (1.63) | 2.95 (0.77) | 0.005 | 3.56 (1.72) | 3.27 (0.91) | 0.074 | | HDL | 1.06 (0.45) | 1.07 (0.45) | 1.00 (0.54) | 0.567 | 1.06 (0.44) | 1.07 (0.49) | 0.945 | | LDL | 1.96 (1.03) | 1.98 (1.05) | 1.63 (0.56) | 0.015 | 2.00 (1.12) | 1.78 (0.55) | 0.035 | | HBeAg | | | | 0.328 | | | 0.886 | | Negative | 246 (86.6%) | 226 (85.9%) | 20 (95.2%) | | 194 (87.0%) | 52 (85.2%) | | | Positive | 38 (13.4%) | 37 (14.1%) | 1 (4.76%) | | 29 (13.0%) | 9 (14.8%) | | | Child–Pugh | | | | 0.309 | | | 0.708 | | A | 195 (68.7%) | 183 (69.6%) | 12 (57.1%) | | 153 (68.6%) | 42 (68.9%) | | | B | 75 (26.4%) | 67 (25.5%) | 8 (38.1%) | | 60 (26.9%) | 15 (24.6%) | | | C | 14 (4.9%) | 13 (4.94%) | 1 (4.76%) | | 10 (4.48%) | 4 (6.56%) | | | MELD | 9.87 (8.59–12.1) | 10.6 (2.41) | 9.93 (1.86) | 0.13 | 10.6 (2.46) | 10.2 (2.03) | 0.156 |
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Significance (P value) is listed for comparisons between bleeders and nonbleeders at different observation points. BMI: body mass index; baseline LSM: baseline liver stiffness measurements; PVT: portal vein thrombosis; NSBB: nonselective beta-blockers; PT: prothrombin time; TBIL: total bilirubin; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; GGT: glutamyl transpeptidase; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HBeAg: hepatitis B virus e antigen; MELD: model for end-stage liver disease.
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