Research Article
Retinal Microvascular Density and Perfusion during an Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia Episode: A Warning Call
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics.
| | | Healthy participants (n = 21) | DM without DR (n = 20) | DM with DR (n = 11) |
| | Age, years (mean, SD) | 36.79 (15.76) | 47 (14.3) | 47.71 (12.51) | | Female gender (n, %) | 12 (57.1) | 12 (61.5) | 8 (71.4) | | BMI (mean, SD) | 28.63 (4.02) | 30.27 (5.9) | 28.18 (3.42) | | BMI, groups (n, %) | | | | | Normal | 5 (21.4) | 3 (15.4) | 3 (28.6) | | Overweight | 8 (42.9) | 5 (23.1) | 3 (28.6) | | Obesity | 7 (35.7) | 12 (61.5) | 5 (42.9) | | Hypertension diagnosis (n, %) | 3 (14.3) | 5 (23.1) | 5 (42.9) | | Dyslipidemia diagnosis (n, %) | 0 (0) | 9 (46.2) | 5 (42.9) | | Regular cigarette smoker (n, %) | 3 (14.3) | 5 (23.1) | 2 (14.3) | | Diabetes-related variables | | Years of diagnosis (median, IQR) | DNA | 7 (3–12.25) | 13 (4–19) | | Diabetic nephropathy (n, %) | DNA | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | | Diabetic neuropathy (n, %) | DNA | 8 (38.5) | 5 (42.9) | | Major adverse cardiovascular events (n, %) | DNA | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | | Insulin use (n, %) | DNA | 6 (30.8) | 6 (57.1) |
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SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; IQR: interquartile range; DM: diabetes mellitus; DR: diabetic retinopathy; NA: not applicable.
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