Research Article

Retinal Microvascular Density and Perfusion during an Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia Episode: A Warning Call

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics.

Healthy participants (n = 21)DM without DR (n = 20)DM with DR (n = 11)

Age, years (mean, SD)36.79 (15.76)47 (14.3)47.71 (12.51)
Female gender (n, %)12 (57.1)12 (61.5)8 (71.4)
BMI (mean, SD)28.63 (4.02)30.27 (5.9)28.18 (3.42)
BMI, groups (n, %)
 Normal5 (21.4)3 (15.4)3 (28.6)
  Overweight8 (42.9)5 (23.1)3 (28.6)
  Obesity7 (35.7)12 (61.5)5 (42.9)
 Hypertension diagnosis (n, %)3 (14.3)5 (23.1)5 (42.9)
 Dyslipidemia diagnosis (n, %)0 (0)9 (46.2)5 (42.9)
 Regular cigarette smoker (n, %)3 (14.3)5 (23.1)2 (14.3)
Diabetes-related variables
  Years of diagnosis (median, IQR)DNA7 (3–12.25)13 (4–19)
  Diabetic nephropathy (n, %)DNA0 (0)0 (0)
  Diabetic neuropathy (n, %)DNA8 (38.5)5 (42.9)
 Major adverse cardiovascular events (n, %)DNA0 (0)0 (0)
 Insulin use (n, %)DNA6 (30.8)6 (57.1)

SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; IQR: interquartile range; DM: diabetes mellitus; DR: diabetic retinopathy; NA: not applicable.