Cocktail of Ropivacaine, Morphine, and Diprospan Reduces Pain and Prolongs Analgesic Effects after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 1

Baseline demographics and characteristics.

	Group A (n = 50)	Group B (n = 50)	t/χ^2
Age	64.54 ± 4.55 (63.27 to 65.80)	64.44 ± 4.63 (63.16 to 65.72)	0.109	0.9135^a
Gender (male/female)	13/37	12/38	0.053	0.817^b
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.17 ± 2.32 (23.52 to 24.80)	24.53 ± 1.15 (24.21 to 24.84)	0.983	0.328^a
Comorbidities
Hypertension	16 (32%)	14 (28%)	0.190	0.663^b
Diabetes	10 (20%)	8 (16%)	0.271	0.603^b
COPD	4 (8%)	5 (10%)	—	1.000^c
Hypothyroidism	0 (0%)	1 (2%)	—	1.000^c
Preoperative VAS
Rest	2.84 ± 0.88 (2.59 to 3.08)	2.80 ± 0.69 (2.60 to 2.99)	0.253	0.801^a
Activity	4.62 ± 1.11 (4.31 to 4.92)	4.58 ± 1.07 (4.28 to 4.87)	0.184	0.855^a
Preoperative ROM	92.60 ± 15.47 (88.31 to 96.88)	92.20 ± 16.16 (87.72 to 96.67)	0.126	0.899^a
Preoperative HSS	43.90 ± 8.63 (41.50 to 46.29)	45.50 ± 8.07 (43.26 to 47.73)	0.957	0.341^a
ASA (I/II/III)	0/45/5	0/44/6	—	1.000^c

BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists. ^aThe value represented the result of Student’s t test for continuous variables between 2 groups. ^bThe value represented the result of Pearson’s χ² test for discontinuous variables between 2 groups. ^cThe value represented the result of Fisher’s exact test for discontinuous variables between 2 groups. indicated significant differences.