International Journal of Clinical Practice

Research Article

Cocktail of Ropivacaine, Morphine, and Diprospan Reduces Pain and Prolongs Analgesic Effects after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 2

Primary outcomes.


	Group A (n = 50)	Group B (n = 50)	t/χ²

Inflammatory indicator
CRP
Pre	4.25 ± 0.89 (4.00 to 4.49)	4.35 ± 0.98 (4.07 to 4.62)	0.534	0.595
PO 24 h	54.60 ± 12.76 (51.06 to 58.13)	44.22 ± 12.34 (40.79 to 47.64)	4.135	<0.001^a
PO 48 h	65.95 ± 14.41 (61.95 to 69.94)	59.49 ± 13.01 (55.88 to 63.09)	2.320	0.022^a
PO 14 d	4.28 ± 0.84 (4.04 to 4.51)	4.26 ± 0.86 (4.02 to 4.49)	0.117	0.906
IL-6
Pre	8.01 ± 4.11 (6.87 to 9.14)	7.96 ± 3.84 (6.57 to 8.72)	0.063	0.063
PO 24 h	84.19 ± 17.01 (79.47 to 88.90)	57.42 ± 12.46 (53.96 to 60.87)	8.977	<0.001^a
PO 48 h	60.72 ± 15.49 (56.42 to 65.01)	44.11 ± 13.67 (40.32 to 47.89)	5.685	<0.001^a
PO 14 d	7.89 ± 4.17 (6.73 to 9.04)	7.65 ± 3.89 (6.57 to 8.72)	0.297	0.766
Pain
VAS rest
PO 6 h	2.62 ± 0.59 (2.45 to 2.78)	2.28 ± 0.56 (2.12 to 2.43)	2.955	0.004^a
PO 12 h	2.34 ± 0.62 (2.16 to 2.51)	1.96 ± 0.63 (1.78 to 2.13)	3.119	0.002^a
PO 24 h	2.20 ± 0.53 (1.82 to 2.17)	1.74 ± 0.59 (1.57 to 1.90)	4.101	<0.001^a
PO 48 h	2.00 ± 0.63 (2.05 to 2.34)	1.54 ± 0.60 (1.37 to 1.70)	3.738	<0.001^a
PO 72 h	1.50 ± 0.53 (1.35 to 1.64)	1.38 ± 0.69 (1.18 to 1.57)	0.975	0.332^a
PO 2 w	1.08 ± 0.65 (0.89 to 1.26)	0.98 ± 0.78 (0.76 to 1.19)	0.905	0.367^a
PO 3 m	0.46 ± 0.49 (0.32 to 0.59)	0.42 ± 0.49 (0.28 to 0.55)	0.408	0.684^a
PO 6 m	0.36 ± 0.48 (0.22 to 0.49)	0.32 ± 0.47 (0.18 to 0.45)	0.421	0.675^a
PO 1 y	0.30 ± 0.45 (0.17 to 0.42)	0.26 ± 0.43 (0.14 to 0.37)	0.454	0.651^a
PO 2 y	0.24 ± 0.42 (0.12 to 0.35)	0.22 ± 0.41 (0.10 to 0.33)	0.241	0.810^a
VAS activity
PO 6 h	3.80 ± 0.97 (3.53 to 4.06)	3.28 ± 0.82 (3.05 to 3.50)	2.895	0.004^a
PO 12 h	3.62 ± 0.86 (3.38 to 3.85)	3.08 ± 0.77 (2.86 to 3.29)	3.307	0.001^a
PO 24 h	3.48 ± 0.83 (3.24 to 3.71)	2.86 ± 0.72 (2.66 to 3.05)	3.989	<0.001^a
PO 48 h	3.16 ± 0.75 (2.95 to 3.36)	2.64 ± 0.62 (2.46 to 2.81)	3.778	<0.001^a
PO 72 h	2.76 ± 0.64 (2.58 to 2.93)	2.50 ± 0.70 (2.30 to 2.69)	1.938	0.055^a
PO 2 w	2.24 ± 0.83 (2.00 to 2.47)	2.14 ± 0.75 (1.93 to 2.34)	0.600	0.533^a
PO 3 m	1.88 ± 0.93 (1.62 to 2.13)	1.80 ± 0.77 (1.58 to 2.01)	0.468	0.640^a
PO 6 m	1.32 ± 0.85 (1.08 to 1.55)	1.22 ± 0.70 (1.02 to 1.41)	0.412	0.522^a
PO 1 y	1.18 ± 0.74 (0.97 to 1.38)	0.94 ± 0.73 (0.73 to 1.14)	1.632	0.106^a
PO 2 y	0.90 ± 0.72 (0.70 to 1.09)	0.74 ± 0.71 (0.54 to 0.93)	1.118	0.265^a
Opioid consumption
PO 24 h (mg)	6.75 ± 7.23 (4.74 to 8.75)	3.70 ± 5.41 (2.20 to 5.19)	2.388	0.018^a
PO 72 h (mg)	13.80 ± 14.68 (9.73 to 17.86)	7.60 ± 11.10 (4.52 to 10.67)	2.382	0.019^a
Function
ROM
PO 24 h	98.60 ± 8.94 (96.12 to 101.08)	104.40 ± 9.62 (101.73 to 107.06)	3.122	0.002^a
PO 48 h	105.30 ± 10.02 (102.52 to 108.07)	110.20 ± 10.46 (107.30 to 113.09)	2.392	0.018^a
PO 72 h	111.90 ± 10.72 (108.92 to 114.87)	114.20 ± 10.31 (111.34 to 117.05)	1.093	0.277^a
PO 2 w	119.60 ± 7.53 (117.51 to 121.68)	120.30 ± 8.08 (118.06 to 122.53)	0.491	0.624^a
PO 3 m	121.90 ± 6.92 (119.98 to 123.81)	121.30 ± 6.69 (119.44 to 123.15)	0.441	0.660^a
PO 6 m	121.90 ± 6.92 (119.98 to 123.81)	122.60 ± 6.01 (120.93 to 124.26)	0.540	0.590^a
PO 1 y	122.10 ± 6.78 (119.22 to 122.97)	123.40 ± 5.95 (121.75 to 125.04)	1.019	0.311^a
PO 2 y	122.20 ± 6.79 (120.31 to 124.08)	123.40 ± 5.95 (121.75 to 125.04)	0.939	0.349^a
Straight leg raise test
PO 24 h	32 (64%)	46 (92%)	11.4	<0.001^b
PO 48 h	48 (96%)	49 (98%)	—	1.000^c
Discharge	50 (100%)	50 (100%)	—	1.000^c
Get out of bed and walk test
PO 24 h	45 (90%)	46 (92%)	0.122	0.727^b
PO 48 h	48 (96%)	49 (98%)	—	1.000^c
Discharge	50 (100%)	50 (100%)	—	1.000^c
Epworth Sleepiness Score
PO 0 d	7.26 ± 2.39 (6.59 to 7.92)	5.38 ± 1.44 (4.98 to 5.77)	4.764	<0.001^a
PO 1 d	5.10 ± 0.83 (4.86 to 5.33)	4.36 ± 1.26 (4.01 to 4.70)	3.468	<0.001^a
PO 2 d	4.20 ± 1.06 (3.90 to 4.49)	3.40 ± 1.03 (3.11 to 3.68)	3.827	<0.001^a
PO 3 m	2.82 ± 0.91 (2.56 to 3.07)	2.76 ± 0.55 (2.60 to 2.91)	0.398	0.691^a

VAS: visual analog scale; ROM: range of motion; PO: postoperative; h: hour; d: day; w: week; m: month; y: year. ^aThe value represented the result of Student’s t test for continuous variables between 2 groups. ^bThe value represented the result of Pearson’s χ² test for discontinuous variables between 2 groups. ^cThe value represented the result of Fisher’s exact test for discontinuous variables between 2 groups. ^∗ and bold values mean that indicates significant differences.