The Role of Pharmaceutical Innovation in Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Diseases

Table 1

Disease indications included.

WHO top 10 causes of death 2000 (high-income^a countries)			Specific area/subindication reviewed	Rationale for inclusion/exclusion
Rank	Indication	Disease area
1	IHD	Cardiovascular	Stable IHD	There were 360,900 deaths reported from IHD in 2019: 104,280 from acute myocardial infarction; 4,379 from other acute IHD; 229,494 from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or atherosclerotic heart disease [8]. It was assumed that the ICD codes that most nearly match stable IHD are those for from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or atherosclerotic heart disease
2	Stroke	Cardiovascular	—	A cardiovascular indication (IHD) was already selected for inclusion as it was ranked higher
3	Trachea, bronchus, lung cancer	Oncology	Advanced/distant NSCLC	NSCLC is the most common type of lung cancer [9, 10], and the most advanced stage of NSCLC was selected as it is associated with the poorest survival
4	COPD	Pulmonary/respiratory	Management of COPD exacerbations	There were 119,291 deaths in 2019 from COPD, unspecified—far more than any other specific indication (bronchitis, not specified as acute or chronic; unspecified chronic bronchitis; emphysema) [8]
5	Lower respiratory infections	Pulmonary/respiratory	—	A pulmonary/respiratory indication (COPD) was already selected for inclusion as it was ranked higher
6	Colon and rectum cancers	Oncology	—	An oncology indication (NSCLC) was already selected for inclusion as it was ranked higher
7	AD and other dementias	Neurology	Management of cognitive symptoms of AD	Alzheimer’s disease was selected over other dementias as it was responsible for 121,499 deaths overall in 2019 whereas unspecified dementia was responsible for 97,484 [8]
8	Diabetes mellitus	Endocrinology	T2D	Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes was responsible for 2,703 deaths in 2019. Type 2 (noninsulin dependent) diabetes was responsible for 21,879 deaths in 2019 [8]. Type2 Diabetes was chosen as it contributed higher mortality
9	Breast cancer	Oncology	—	An oncology indication (NSCLC) was already selected for inclusion as it was ranked higher
10	Stomach cancer	Oncology	—	An oncology indication (NSCLC) was already selected for inclusion as it was ranked higher

^aSelection based on world bank list of high-income economies. Bold out rows indicate disease areas that were not included in this review. WHO = world health organization; IHD = ischemic heart disease; NSCLC = non-small cell lung cancer; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder; AD = Alzheimer’s disease; T2D = type 2 diabetes; ICD = international classification of diseases.