Efficacy and Safety of Pericapsular Nerve Group Block for Hip Fracture Surgery under Spinal Anesthesia: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of included studies.

Study	Sample size (n)	Type of operation	Experiment group				Control group
			Sample size (n1)	Age (year)	Time of intervention and type of anesthesia	Injectate	Sample size (n2)	Age (year)	Time of intervention and type of anesthesia	Injectate
Aliste et al. 2021 [5]	40	Hip arthroplasty	20	56.80 ± 13.00	PENG after operation	20 ml 0.50% adrenalized levobupivacaine	20	59.6 ± 9.2	FICB after operation	40 ml 0.25% adrenalized levobupivacaine
He et al. 2023 [14]	60	Hip fracture surgery	30	72.31 ± 9.24	PENG + DEX (iv.) before SA	20 ml 0.2% ropivacaine 0.2 μg/kg dexmedetomidine (iv.)	30	72.49 ± 8.92	DEX (iv.) before SA	0.2 μg/kg dexmedetomidine (iv.)
Huang et al. 2021 [15]	100	Hip arthroplasty	50	76.50 ± 5.30	PENG before SA	20 ml 0.5% ropivacaine	50	76.8 ± 5.0	SF. before SA	0.15 μg/kg sufentanil (iv.)
Hua et al. 2022 [13]	48	Hip arthroplasty	24	74.00 ± 7.00	PENG before SA	20 ml 0.4% ropivacaine	24	74 ± 8	FICB before SA	30 ml 0.4% ropivacaine hydrochloride
Jadon et al. 2021 [12]	66	Hip fracture	33	70.39 ± 11.45	PENG before SA	—	33	67.87 ± 13.12	FICB before SA	—
Mosaffa et al. 2020 [16]	60	Hip arthroplasty	30	54.00 ± 11.00	PENG before SA	20 ml 0.25% bupivacaine	30	57 ± 8	N/A	N/A
Lin et al. 2022 [17]	60	Total hip arthroplasty	30	68.60 ± 9.50	PENG before SA	20 ml 0.5% ropivacaine	30	68.3 ± 10.9	N/A	20 ml saline
Mao et al. 2022 [18]	120	Hip arthroplasty	60	74.75 ± 6.98	PENG before SA	20 ml 0.375% ropivacaine	60	75.12 ± 7.49	FICB before SA	20 ml 0.375% ropivacaine
Mosaffa et al. 2022 [11]	52	Hip fracture	30	53.00 ± 16.46	PENG before SA	3 ml/kg 0.5% ropivacaine	22	50 ± 13.63	FICB before SA	3 ml/kg 0.5% ropivacaine
Natrajan et al. 2021 [10]	24	Dynamic hip screw fixation or hemiarthroplasty	12	—	PENG before SA	20 ml 0.5% ropivacaine	12	—	FICB before SA	20 ml 0.5% ropivacaine
Pascarella et al. 2021 [19]	60	Total hip arthroplasty	30	66.40 ± 12.40	PENG after SA	20 ml 0.375% ropivacaine	30	66.7 ± 8.6	N/A	N/A
Senthil et al. 2021 [2]	40	Hip fracture	20	53.90 ± 9.90	PENG after operation	30 ml 0.25% levobupivacaine with 4 mg dexamethasone	20	52.5 ± 9.8	FICB after operation	30 ml 0.25% levobupivacaine with 4 mg dexamethasone
Shan et al. 2021 [20]	40	Hip arthroplasty	20	71.40 ± 9.70	PENG before SA	10 ml 0.5% ropivacaine	20	74.8 ± 7.6	SF. before SA	0.1 μg/kg sufentanil (iv.)
Wu et al. 2022 [21]	40	Hip arthroplasty	20	75.80 ± 9.20	PENG before SA	20 ml 0.375% ropivacaine	20	75.7 ± 8.9	SF. before SA	0.2 μg/kg sufentanil (iv.)
Zhang et al. 2022 [22]	80	Hip arthroplasty	40	63.71 ± 6.96	PENG after SA	20 ml 0.4% ropivacaine	40	63.61 ± 7.03	SF. before SA	0.1 μg/kg sufentanil (iv.)