The Effect of a Combination of Vibration and External Cold on Pain Caused during Vaccine Injection in Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Table 1

The demographic and medical characteristics of the 80 infants that participated in the study.

	Intervention group (n = 40)	Control group (n = 40)	value	Effect size
Gender, n (%)			1.00^a	0.00
Girl	22 (55)	22 (55)
Boy	18 (45)	18 (45)
Weight (kg), mean ± SD	8.0 ± 0.93	7.8 ± 0.92	0.69^b	0.21
Feeding time before vaccination (minutes), mean ± SD	58.5 ± 32.7	58.7 ± 47.2	0.51^c	0.01
Sleeping time before vaccination (minutes), mean ± SD	90.1 ± 39.0	87.1 ± 61.7	0.43^c	0.05
Previous experience with painful procedures, N (%)			0.36^c	0.10
Yes	26 (54.2)	22 (55)
No	14 (43.8)	18 (45)

^aChi-square test. ^bIndependent t-test. ^cChi-square test.