Research Article
Blood Features Associated with Viral Infection Severity: An Experience from COVID-19-Pandemic Patients Hospitalized in the Center of Iran, Yazd
Table 1
(a) Descriptive information and biochemical analysis (related to organ function; kidney, heart, and liver) of included patients (aged 18–92 years) admitted to COVID-19 referral treatment center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran, (n = 466), and multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with infection severity and prediction of death outcome. (b) Hematological features of included patients referred to COVID-19 referral center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran (n = 466 people), and multivariate analysis of risk factors that may be related to infection severity and prediction of death outcome. (c) Laboratory indexes of included patients admitted to COVID-19 referral treatment center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran (n = 466), and multivariate analysis of risk factors that may be associated with viral infection severity and death outcome in patients.
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aPatient data were divided into two categories: those who died in the hospital and those who were discharged from the hospital, and then the information was analyzed by logistic regression to identify possible potential risk factors. The cutoffs were selected according to the normal range of biochemical markers. bPatients were divided into two categories: those who died in the hospital and those who were discharged from the hospital, and then their frequencies in each group were analyzed and compared. cThe logistic regression analysis was done to estimate which indicator can be related to the occurrence of death in patients: biochemical cutoffs as independent variables and the outcome of death as a dependent variable. ≤: the serum ranges equal to or less than the normal reference range. ≥: the serum ranges equal to or more than the normal reference range. FBS: fasting blood sugar; SGOT: serum glutamate-pyruvate aminotransferase; GPT: serum glutamate-oxaloacetate aminotransferase; CPK: creatine kinase. dPatients were divided into subgroups based on specific cutoff of each variable that showed associations with the deceased outcome including hemoglobin (cutoff <12), anemia (cutoff <3.5), neutrophilia (cutoff >8), lymphocytopenia (cutoff <1), thrombocytopenia (cutoff <140), prothrombin time (PT) (cutoff <13), and blood groups (A−/A+, AB−/AB+, B−/B+, and O−/O+). ePatients were divided into two categories: those who died in the hospital and those who were discharged from the hospital, and then their frequencies in each group were analyzed and compared. fThe logistic regression analysis was done to estimate which indicator can predict the occurrence of death in patients: hematological cutoffs as an independent variable and the outcome of death as a dependent variable. gCases with RBC count <3.5 × 1012/L. hCases with neutrophil count >8 × 103/µL. iCases with lymphocyte count <1 × 103/µL. jCases with platelet count <140 × 103/µL. kCases with prothrombin time (sec). lPatients were divided into subgroups based on a specific cutoff of each variable that showed associations with the deceased outcome including N/L ratio (cutoff >9), D-dimer (cutoff >200), CRP (cutoff∼ +1, +2, +3), ferritin (cutoff >300), and Het/Alb index (cutoff >10). mPatients were divided into two categories: those who died in the hospital and those who were discharged from the hospital, and then their frequencies in each group were analyzed and compared. nThe logistic regression analysis was done to estimate which indicator can be related to the occurrence of death in patients: biomarker cutoff as an independent variable and the outcome of death as a dependent variable. N/L: neutrophil/lymphocyte; CRP: C-reactive protein; Het/Alb: hematocrit/albumin. oCases with N/L ratio >9; pCases with D-Dimer (ng/mL) >200; qCases with CRP(N/P) (+1, +2, +3); rCases with Ferritin >300; sHet/Alb ratio >10. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||