Examination of the Association between Insufficient Sleep and Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes by Race/Ethnicity

Table 1

Baseline Characteristics of study populations (percentages ± standard errors, SE) (𝑛=369,217).

Characteristic	Overall (𝑛=369,217)	Whites (𝑛=296, 430)	Blacks (𝑛=28, 495)	Hispanics (𝑛=24, 213)	Others (𝑛=20, 079)
Women, %	50.05±0.17	50.72±0.18	53.20±0.63	47.13±0.64	44.71±0.79
Age group, %
<25 yrs	8.54±0.15	7.22±0.15	9.10±0.48	13.35±0.59	11.18±0.76
25 to 34 yrs	18.83±0.16	16.55±0.16	20.95±0.57	27.20±0.62	21.57±0.72
35 to 44 yrs	20.09±0.14	18.86±0.14	21.60±0.49	23.62±0.52	23.06±0.65
45 to 64 yrs	35.29±0.15	37.39±0.16	35.13±0.55	26.69±0.52	32.01±0.70
>65 yrs	17.25±0.09	19.98±0.11	13.22±0.32	9.13±0.27	12.18±0.42
Educational categories, %
Below high school	10.18±0.12	5.85±0.08	11.85±0.36	30.61±0.61	9.23±0.47
High school	27.53±0.15	27.21±0.15	32.98±0.58	28.58±0.60	20.64±0.61
Above high school	62.29±0.17	66.93±0.16	55.17±0.61	40.81±0.64	70.13±0.72
Employment status
Employed	61.90±0.16	62.04±0.16	59.19±0.59	62.45±0.62	63.24±0.76
Unemployed	5.72±0.10	4.37±0.08	10.53±0.42	8.39±0.39	7.02±0.44
Retired	16.35±0.09	18.86±0.11	13.74±0.33	7.88±0.26	12.18±0.43
Unable to work	5.16±0.07	4.48±0.07	9.54±0.32	5.42±0.25	5.26±0.27
Others	10.86±0.12	10.24±0.12	7.00±0.33	15.86±0.48	12.30±0.56
Smoking, %
Current Smoker	18.74±0.14	18.84±0.14	21.34±0.51	16.38±0.51	19.00±0.64
Former Smoker	25.43±0.14	28.41±0.15	17.66±0.43	18.52±0.48	20.58±0.63
Never Smoker	55.83±0.17	52.75±0.17	60.99±0.59	65.11±0.62	60.42±0.80
Heavy alcohol drinker, %
(Men: >2 drinks/day, women: >1 drinks/day)	5.34±0.08	5.77±0.09	3.65±0.24	4.82±0.32	4.45±0.34
No regular exercise	25.12±0.15	22.65±0.14	31.62±0.56	32.98±0.60	24.62±0.70
Body mass index categories, %
Normal weight (<25 kg/m^2)	35.66±0.17	37.15±0.17	26.03±0.55	30.24±0.61	45.74±0.83
Over weight (25–29 kg/m^2)	37.02±0.17	36.95±0.17	36.10±0.60	39.42±0.64	34.05±0.76
Obese (>30 kg/m^2)	27.32±0.15	25.91±0.15	37.87±0.59	30.34±0.60	20.20±0.58
Diabetes mellitus, %	8.91±0.09	7.98±0.08	13.86±0.37	9.80±0.34	9.40±0.40
Cardiovascular disease, %	8.28±0.08	8.70±0.08	8.67±0.28	6.35±0.27	7.52±0.36
Perceived lack of rest/sleep categories, %
0 days/month	30.73±0.16	29.70±0.15	28.66±0.53	35.79±0.62	33.62±0.79
1–13 days/month	41.44±0.17	42.24±0.17	41.10±0.61	39.34±0.65	38.16±0.81
14–29 days/month	16.77±0.13	17.33±0.14	16.76±0.50	14.22±0.45	16.36±0.56
30 days/month	11.06±0.11	10.72±0.11	13.48±0.40	10.64±0.37	11.86±0.49