Does Regular Exercise without Weight Loss Reduce Insulin Resistance in Children and Adolescents?

Table 4

Resistance or combined exercise and insulin resistance (randomized controlled trials).

References

Gender

Age

Treatment

BW; (kg)

BMI; (kg/m^2)

IS

Study; Duration

Protocol

ΔBW; (kg)

ΔBMI; (kg/m^2)

ΔIS; (%)

IS; Measure

Shaibi et al. [22]

22 boys

15.6; 15.1

Control; exercise

98.3^†; 90.0

34.6; 32.5

1.7; 2.3

16 wk

2 days/wk, <1 h/session; 2 sets, ~15 reps, 10 exercises; ~97% of 1RM

2.1; 1.9

0.4; 0.4

5.9; 39.1^*†

FSIVGTT; (×10^−4/min/µU/mL)

Chang et al. [54]

36 boys; 13 girls; (Chinese)

12–14

Control; exercise

71.3; 75.8

27.1; 27.5

7.5; 6.8

1 yr

2–5 times/wk, 60–90 min/session; Aerobic + strength exercise; 0–9-months: supervised exercise; 10–12-months: no intervention

9 mo/1 yr; ≈4.5/7.5; ≈1.2/6.2

9 mo/1 yr; ≈0.5/0.7; ≈–0.6/0.6

9 mo/1 yr; NA/44.0*; −48.5*/44.1

HOMA-IR

Benson et al. [55]

46 boys; 32 girls

10–15

Control; exercise

51.7; 59.2

22.1; 24.0

1.1; 1.3

8 wk

2 days/wk, 2 sets, 8 reps; 11 exercises, 80% of 1RM

2.0; 1.5

0.4; 0.0

0.2 (log); 0.1 (log)

HOMA-IR

Davis et al. [56]

28 boys; 26 girls

14–18

Control; nutrition EDU (NU); NU + exercise

93.0; 87.9; 95.3

33.7; 32.3; 34.9

1.8; 1.6; 1.5

16 wk

2 days/wk, <1 h/session; 2 sets, ~15 reps, 10 exercise; ~97% of 1RM + 1 time/wk of nutrition EDU, 90 min/session

0.6; 0.1; −0.3

0.2; −0.1; 0.0

5.6; 12.5; 0.0

FSIVGTT; (×10^−4/min/µU/mL)

Davis et al. [57]

44 youth

14–18

Control; exercise; Motivation + exercise

94.4; 80.2; 88.5

36.4; 32.4; 34.6

4.9; 2.0; 1.6

16 wk

2 days/week, 60–90 min/session; 30–45 min of aerobic exercise (70–85% of maximal HR) + 30–45 min of strength exercise; 8 motivation interview sessions

NA

NA

−4.0; −21.0; NA

HOMA-IR

Lee et al. [20]

45 boys

12–18

Control; exercise

100.0; 97.7

33.9; 34.5

2.7; 2.9

3 mo

3 days/wk, 60 min/session; 1-2 sets, 8–12 reps, 10 exercises; >60% of baseline 1RM

2.6*; −0.6

0.3; −0.6*

−3.7; 27.6^*†

Euglycemic clamp; (mL/kg/min per µU/min)

BMI: body mass index; BW: body weight; EDU: education; FSIVGTT: frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; IS: insulin sensitivity; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; RM: repetition maximum; Δ: change score.
*Significantly different from baseline within each group (𝑃<0.05).
^†Significantly different from controls or other groups (𝑃<0.05).