Review Article
The Role of the Multiple Hormonal Dysregulation in the Onset of “Anemia of Aging”: Focus on Testosterone, IGF-1, and Thyroid Hormones
Table 2
Observational and intervention studies testing the relationship between IGF-1 and hemoglobin and anemia.
| | Author reference | Year | Type of survey | Population | Dose/follow-up | Results |
| | Observational | | De Vita et al. [80] | 2015 | Cross-sectional | 402 m 536 w
>65 y | — | Negative association between IGF-1 and anemia in men and positive between IGF-1 and Hb in both sexes | | Nilsson-Ehle et al. [81] | 2005 | Cross-sectional | 302 m 317 w
70 y | — | IGF-1 positive predictor of Hb levels regardless of EPO, health status, and sex | | Landi et al. [82] | 2007 | Cross-sectional | 85 m 168 w
mean age 85 y | — | Higher IGFBP-3 level is associated with higher Hb concentration among older people | | Succurro et al. [83] |
2011 | Cross-sectional | 491 m 548 w
mean age 48 y | — | IGF-1 is an independent determinant of Hb; lower IGF-1 is associated with anemia | |
Ureña et al. [84] | 1992 | Cross-sectional | 17 m and w
mean age 46 y
HD | — | Positive correlation between IGF-1 and hematocrit, but not with EPO | | Kim et al. [85] | 2007 | Cross-sectional | 41 m 36 w
29–86 y | — | IGF-1 is independently associated with Hb level in DM-CKD patients |
| | Intervention | | Sohmiya et al. [86] | 1998 | No RCT | 3 m 5 w
46–83 y
CRF | Infusion rhGH
2 µg/kg/day
7 days | GH treatment increases EPO levels and reticulocyte counts in CRF patients | | Chu et al. [87] | 2001 | Double-blind RCT | 19 m and w
>70 y | Infusion rhGH
0.09 µg/kg/week
4 weeks | Low-dose rhGH improves nutritional status and physical function in elderly with protein-energy malnutrition | | Iglesias et al. [88] | 1998 | Pilot RCT | 8 m 9 w
30–78 y
HD | rhGH 0.2 IU/kg/day sc
4 weeks | Short-term rhGH administration increases Hb and hematocrit values | | Johannsson et al. [89] | 1999 | Double-blind RCT | 14 m 6 w
53–92 y
HD | rhGH 0.6 IU/kg/week sc
6 months | rhGH supplementation produces anabolic effects but does not significantly affect Hb levels |
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CRF: chronic renal failure
DMn: diabetic nephropathy
HD: hemodialysis
SC: subcutaneously
DM-CKD: chronic kidney disease (CKD) from DM.
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