Human Papilloma Virus Infection in Patients with Male Accessory Gland Infection: Usefulness of the Ultrasound Evaluation

Table 4

Additional criteria for the clinical management of patients with male accessory gland infection/inflammation (MAGI).

What to do?	When?
Papilloma virus detection	(i) All patients with MAGI
	(ii) Bilateral prostate-vesicular-epididymitis
	(iii) Fibrosclerotic variant of MAGI
	(iv) Periurethral prostate sign
Ultrasound evaluation	(i) To define the diagnostic category of MAGI (prostatitis alone and prostate-vesiculitis versus prostate-vesicular-epididymitis)
	(ii) To determine if MAGI is monolateral or bilateral
	(iii) For a prognostic evaluation (before treatment)
	(iv) To evaluate the persistence (after treatment)
	(v) To evaluate the eradication (after treatment)
	(vi) For a differential diagnosis (viral versus other forms)
Seminal fluid leukocyte measurement by CD45 antibody staining (relatively expensive, nonroutine investigation).	(i) To evaluate the persistence (after treatment)
	(ii) To evaluate the eradication (after treatment)
	(iii) Viral etiology (papilloma virus)