3-Deoxyglucosone Induces Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion from STC-1 Cells via Upregulating Sweet Taste Receptor Expression under Basal Conditions

Figure 2

Acute effects of 3DG on GLP-1 secretion and intracellular Ca²⁺ and cAMP levels in STC-1 cells under glucose-free conditions. STC-1 cells were incubated for 1 h with free glucose in the presence and absence of 3DG. (a) The GLP-1 concentration in the supernatant was measured by ELISA. The data were expressed as a percent of the untreated group. (n = 6). (b) The Ca²⁺ concentrations in STC-1 cells were measured at the 488/525–530 nm fluorescence ratio in cells loaded with Fluo-3/AM. (n = 6). (c) The intracellular cAMP level was assayed by ELISA (n = 6).

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