SGLT2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Agonists, and DPP-4 Inhibitors in Diabetes and Microvascular Complications: A Review

Table 1

Overview of the renal protective studies.

Authors	Study	Treatment	Size	Duration	Population	Outcome
Wanner and Marx [1]	EMPA-REG OUTCOME	Empagliflozin	7020	3.1 years	DM II; High CV risk	Decreased nephropathy
Neal et al. [5]	CANVAS	Canagliflozin	10142	3.6 years	DM II; High CV risk	Decreased albuminuria
Marso et al. [12]	LEADER	Liraglutide	9340	3.8 years	DM II; High CV risk	Decreased nephropathy and macroalbuminuria
Pfeffer et al. [14]	ELIXA	Lixisenatide	6068	2.1 years	DM II; Recent ACS	Decreased UACR
Marso et al. [15]	SUSTAIN-6	Semaglutide	3297	2 yrs	DM II; High CV risk	Decreased nephropathy and macroalbuminuria
Tuttle et al. [16]	AWARD II/III	Dulaglutide	6005	0.5 years	DM II	No eGFR change; Decreased UACR
Tuttle et al. [17]	AWARD-7	Dulaglutide	577	1 year	DM II; Moderate-to-severe CKD	Less eGFR decline in dulaglutide versus glargine; Decreased UACR in each group, not significant when compared to glargine
Wiviott et al. [6]	DECLARE	Dapagliflozin	17160	4.2 years	DM II; +/– High CV risk	Lower eGFR, ESRD, and death from renal cause
Perkovic et al. [7]	CREDENCE	Canagliflozin	4401	2.62 years	DM II; CKD; On ACEI	Lower eGFR, ESRD, Cr doubling, and death from renal cause

CV: cardiovascular; ACS: acute coronary syndrome; CKD: chronic kidney disease; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; DM II: diabetes mellitus type 2; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; UACR: urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; Cr: creatinine.