The Association between Serum Uric Acid and Bone Mineral Density in Older Adults
Table 1
Weighted characteristics of the study population based on serum uric acid quartiles.
Serum uric acid (mg/dL)
Total
Q1 (1.5–4.5)
Q2 (4.6–5.4)
Q3 (5.5–6.4)
Q4 (6.4–13.7)
value
Age (years)
69.21 ± 7.28
68.97 ± 7.19
69.20 ± 7.25
68.84 ± 6.97
69.80 ± 7.69
0.0125
Sex (%)
<0.0001
Men
42.96
20.22
37.42
51.80
60.32
Women
57.04
79.78
62.58
48.20
39.68
Race/ethnicity (%)
<0.0001
Non-Hispanic white
79.30
79.57
80.06
79.36
78.26
Non-Hispanic black
8.60
5.75
7.87
8.90
11.61
Mexican American
3.91
4.97
4.54
3.39
2.83
Other race/ethnicity
8.20
9.70
7.53
8.35
7.30
Waist circumference (cm)
100.44 ± 14.17
92.87 ± 13.04
99.10 ± 13.51
103.08 ± 13.14
106.06 ± 13.54
<0.0001
Level of education (%)
0.7976
Less than high school
29.34
29.97
28.54
30.04
28.84
High school
29.42
30.45
28.81
28.23
30.22
More than high school
41.24
39.58
42.65
41.73
40.94
Income to poverty ratio
2.79 ± 1.45
2.72 ± 1.47
2.82 ± 1.45
2.81 ± 1.44
2.79 ± 1.44
0.4547
Physical activity (%)
0.0081
Sedentary
25.13
27.89
21.62
24.06
27.03
Low
25.01
27.07
23.49
24.39
25.20
Moderate
16.41
14.45
17.93
17.29
15.90
High
26.30
24.99
28.84
27.34
24.03
Not recorded
7.14
5.61
8.10
6.93
7.84
Smoking behavior (%)
<0.0001
None
47.00
53.18
46.80
47.30
41.20
Past
39.07
31.81
38.36
37.73
47.76
Current
13.93
15.01
14.83
14.97
11.04
Alcohol consumption (%)
<0.0001
Nondrinker
47.61
50.37
46.51
48.83
44.83
Moderate alcohol use
28.99
33.83
30.44
26.31
25.83
High alcohol use
23.40
15.80
23.05
24.86
29.34
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)
16.09 ± 6.37
14.20 ± 4.71
14.96 ± 5.13
15.89 ± 5.69
19.12 ± 8.11
<0.0001
C-reactive protein (mg/L)
0.51 ± 0.92
0.41 ± 0.64
0.48 ± 0.96
0.50 ± 0.64
0.62 ± 1.25
<0.0001
Total protein (mg/dL)
7.24 ± 0.50
7.17 ± 0.49
7.25 ± 0.48
7.23 ± 0.48
7.32 ± 0.54
<0.0001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
211.47 ± 42.44
216.04 ± 40.28
214.59 ± 42.11
208.56 ± 42.49
207.19 ± 44.05
<0.0001
Serum phosphorus (mg/dL)
3.64 ± 0.54
3.68 ± 0.53
3.67 ± 0.56
3.60 ± 0.53
3.60 ± 0.55
<0.0001
Serum calcium (mg/dL)
9.51 ± 0.41
9.47 ± 0.40
9.53 ± 0.39
9.50 ± 0.42
9.53 ± 0.42
0.0078
Calcium supplementation (%)
<0.0001
Not use
55.90
48.87
52.46
58.43
63.10
<0.4 g/d
23.29
22.11
22.88
24.01
24.05
≥0.4 g/d
20.82
29.02
24.66
17.56
12.86
Lumbar BMD (g/cm2)
1.01 ± 0.18
0.96 ± 0.17
0.99 ± 0.18
1.04 ± 0.18
1.06 ± 0.19
<0.0001
Mean ± SD for continuous variables: the P value was calculated by the weighted linear regression model. (%) for categorical variables: the P value was calculated by the weighted chi-square test. Abbreviation: BMD, bone mineral density.
