Vitamin D Deficiency in Lebanese Adults: Prevalence and Predictors from a Cross-Sectional Community-Based Study

Table 3

Bivariate association of vitamin D level categorized based on the Institute of Medicine definition with health conditions, medications, lab results, and daily dietary intake of vitamin D (N = 466).

	Deficient	Insufficient^†	Sufficient	value
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
SBP^‡, mmHg	119.7 ± 19.1	124.4 ± 19.9	120.9 ± 18.6	0.06
DBP^‡, mmHg	73.7 ± 10.0	76.9 ± 10.0	73.6 ± 9.6	0.04
Hypertension, n (%)	88 (48.4%)	102 (66.7%)	69 (53.1%)	0.20
Diabetes, n (%)	30 (16.5%)	17 (11.1%)	17 (13.0%)	0.34
Thyroid disease, n (%)	42 (23.1%)	18 (11.8%)	28 (21.4%)	0.47
Dyslipidemia, n (%)	37 (20.3%)	39 (25.5%)	31 (23.7%)	0.52
Fracture, n (%)	47 (25.8%)	46 (30.1%)	36 (27.5%)	0.66
Cancer, n (%)	1 (0.5%)	2 (1.3%)	4 (3.1%)	0.11
BMI, kg/m^2	30.1 ± 6.1	28.5 ± 5.3	28.1 ± 5.3	0.02
Obesity, n (%)	84 (46.2%)	61 (39.9%)	47 (35.9%)	0.03
Body fat, kg	31.2 ± 11.4	27.0 ± 10.9	26.2 ± 10.7	<0.001
Muscle mass, kg	25.9 ± 6.4	27.2 ± 6.6	25.8 ± 6.3	0.11
Waist-to-hip ratio	0.97 ± 0.08	0.97 ± 0.07	0.96 ± 0.1	0.58
Waist circumference, cm	96.3 ± 17.0	96.4 ± 14.3	93.2 ± 13.8	0.14
Glucose, mg/dL	113.5 ± 48.0	107.6 ± 29.5	112.6 ± 48.8	0.42
Serum creatinine, mg/dL	0.67 ± 0.16	0.82 ± 0.25	0.80 ± 0.22	<0.001
Cholesterol, mg/dL	191.8 ± 49.7	184.5 ± 39.8	178.9 ± 38.9	0.035
Triglyceride, mg/dL	145.8 ± 136.2	141.2 ± 73.6	137.9 ± 83.2	0.80
HDL, mg/dL	49.5 ± 14.6	49.0 ± 15.3	50.2 ± 14.5	0.77
LDL, mg/dL	115.1 ± 42.8	107.7 ± 34.2	100.6 ± 32.6	0.004
Sum of fat, g/day	120.7 ± 73.7	155.5 ± 90.3	142.1 ± 91.4	0.001
Sum of vitamin D, IU/day	66.8 ± 60.7	103.2 ± 88.3	108.0 ± 99.9	0.001

Deficient (<30 nmol/L); insufficient (30–50 nmol/L); sufficient (>50 nmol/L). ^†Deficient (<50 nmol/L); insufficient (50–75 nmol/L); sufficient (>75 nmol/L). ^‡SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure.