Vitamin D Deficiency in Lebanese Adults: Prevalence and Predictors from a Cross-Sectional Community-Based Study

Table 4

Multivariate model for predictors of vitamin D status, using the Institute of Medicine classification (N = 466).

Vitamin D status based on IOM criteria (sufficient/insufficient^† vs. deficient)
	OR (95% CI)	value
Age	1.02 (1.00–1.04)	0.03
Gender: female	1.35 (0.75–2.45)	0.32
BMI	0.96 (0.92–1.00)	0.054
Education
(i) Intermediate	0.97 (0.55–1.72)	0.91
(ii) Secondary/technical	1.56 (0.88–2.77)	0.13
(iii) University education	1.54 (0.71–3.33)	0.27
Income
600–<2000$	1.95 (1.20–3.17)	0.007
>2000$	1.11 (0.44–2.78)	0.83
Alcohol: current	1.85 (1.08–3.17)	0.03
Serum creatinine	3.31 (1.06–10.33)	0.04

Variables included in the model are age, gender (reference: male), education (reference: no/primary), income (reference: <600$), alcohol (reference: never), BMI, and serum creatinine. Deficient (<30 nmol/L); insufficient (30–50 nmol/L); sufficient (>50 nmol/L). ^†Deficient (<50 nmol/L); insufficient (50–75 nmol/L); sufficient (>75 nmol/L).