Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Diseases in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in the Middle East: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Study design characteristics of included studies.

Author	Year of publication	Design	Data source	Type of diabetes	CKD diagnostic criteria	Country	Population	Mean age (SD)	Gender	Number of patients having CKD
Moher et al. [19]	2009	Retrospective cross-sectional	Electronic medical records	T2DM	Proteinuria, SCr, and eGFR	Saudi Arabia	1,952	66.9 ± 11.4	47% (294) were males and 53% (332) were females	626
Stroup et al. [20]	2014	Retrospective cross-sectional	Diabetes registry (SNDR)	T2DM	Proteinuria, SCr, eGFR, and albumin excretion	Saudi Arabia	54,670	59.9 ± 12.7	59.5% (3518) were males and 40.5% (2394) were females	5,912
Alzahrani et al. [27]	2019	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	T2DM	eGFR, ACR	Saudi Arabia	296	60.29 ± 10.593	23.4% (26) were males and 16.2% (30) were females	296
Alrawahi et al. [28]	2012	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	T2DM	Albuminuria/creatinine	Oman	699		51.6% were males	699
Mohammed et al. [29]	2018	Cross-sectional	Medical files	T2DM	Proteinuria, SCr, eGFR, and albumin excretion	Oman	51	50.8	54.9% males and females 45.1%	51
Schardt et al. [21]	2013	Prospective	Hospital	T2DM	ADA criterion	Yemen	500	56.3 ± 32		168
Jamal Shahwan et al. [30]	2019	Cross-sectional	Medical files	T2DM	Creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), creatinine urine, albumin/creatinine ratio	Palestine	300	57 ± 8.5	54% (162) were males and 46% (138) were females	300
Al-Shamsi et al. [31]	2019	Retrospective cohort study	Electronic medical records	T2DM	SCr and eGFR	United Arab Emirates	622	52.38 ± 14.48	50% were males (312)	622
Khalil et al. [32]	2017	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	T2DM	eGFR	Jordan	305	55.0 ± 12.5	64% were females (347)	305

ADA: American Diabetes Association; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus.