Constitutive Androstane Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of Metformin on Phase II Metabolic Enzyme SULT2A1

Figure 5

Regulation of CAR and SULT2A1 by metformin is dependent on the activation of AMPK pathways. HepaRG cells were preincubated with compound C (CC; 20 μM) for 90 min before the treatment with metformin (1 mM), CITCO (1 μM), or their combinations. Cells treated only with DMSO were considered as the control group. Cells were then lysed and analyzed for western blotting against SULT2A1, T-CAR, RXRα, PGC-1α, HNF4α, β-actin (a), N-CAR, lamin-B1 (b), AMPK, and p-AMPK (c, d). A representative blot was shown and quantified by Image J software. The data shown are the mean ± SEM (n = 3) (, , and , comparison indicated by brackets).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)