Thyroid Nodules Located in the Lower Pole Have a Higher Risk of Malignancy than Located in the Isthmus: A Single-Center Experience

Table 8

Evaluation of risk factors affecting malignancy according to postoperative pathological results.

Variables	Univariate		Multivariate
	OR (%95 CI)		OR (%95 CI)
Age	0.978 (0.96–0.99)	0.007	0.97 (0.95–0.99)	0.035
Gender
Female	1	—
Male	0.97 (0.58–1.63)	0.932
TSH	1.03 (0.96–1.12)	0.342
Hashimoto’s	0.98 (0.49–1.95)	0.962
MTN
No	1	—
Yes	0.89 (0.58–1.36)	0.59
Nodule size	0.99 (0.97–1.01)	0.69
Nodule number	0.95 (0.88–1.03)	0.22
Ecogenicity
Isoechoic	1	—
Hypoechoic	1.74 (1.12–2.70)	0.013
Hyperechoic	0.97 (0.28–3.32)	0.973
Mixed echoic	1.27 (0.51–3.13)	0.602
US findings
Cystic areas	1	—	1	—
Necrosis	6.46 (2.63–15.83)	<0.001	7.09 (2.65–18.96)	<0.001
Microcalcification	2.78 (1.45–5.32)	0.002	3.13 (1.53–6.41)	0.002
Macrocalcification	1.40 (0.30–6.48)	0.667	1.36 (0.27–6.86)	0.708
Border irregularity	13.44 (5.35–33.74)	<0.001	9.82 (3.37–28.63)	<0.001
Intermittent wall calcification	0.88 (0.11–7.05)	0.908	1.23 (0.14–10.35)	0.844
Taller than wide	38.40 (13.71–107.52)	<0.001	50.05 (14.67–170.73)	<0.001
Doppler US
No blood flow	1	—	1	—
Peripheral blood flow	0.51 (0.26–1.02)	0.058	0.59 (0.25–1.37)	0.225
Central blood flow	3.55 (1.65–7.62)	0.001	2.88 (1.10–7.50)	0.030
Central and peripheral blood flow	1.58 (0.82–3.02)	0.167	1.46 (0.65–3.27)	0.357
Sum of right and left lobes
Isthmus	1	—	1	—
Lower	4.45 (1.70–11.62)	0.002	8.39 (2.34–30.12)	0.001
Middle	2.24 (0.84–5.98)	0.105	4.27 (1.16–15.72)	0.029
Upper	4.57 (1.67–12.46)	0.003	8.09 (2.11–30.94)	0.002
Whole lobe	3.17 (1.12–8.96)	0.029	7.63 (1.95–29.81)	0.003

CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.