Impact of Novel Guidelines on Multifactorial Control and Its Association with Mortality in Adult Patients with Hypertension and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A 4-Year Prospective Multicenter Study
Table 1
Baseline patients’ characteristics.
Variables
Overall (n = 246)
Uncontrol/control to control (n = 39)
Uncontrol/control to uncontrol (n = 207)
Demographics
Age (year)
64.5 ± 10.4
62.3 ± 9.3
65.0 ± 10.6
0.147
Female (%)
58.5%
61.5%
58.0%
0.812
BMI (kg/m2)
23.7 (22.3, 25.6)
24.0 (22.9, 25.3)
23.6 (22.2, 25.7)
0.610
Smoking (%)
26%
20.5%
27.1%
0.512
Family history of HTN (%)
62.6%
56.4%
63.7%
0.490
Family history of DM (%)
26.0%
23.1%
26.6%
0.797
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
130 (130–140)
130 (120–130)
130 (130–140)
0.013∗
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
80 (70–80)
80 (70–80)
80 (70–80)
0.238
Early new-onset diabetes (%)
89.4
84.6
90.3
0.434
Comorbidity
CAD (%)
54.9%
48.7%
56.0%
0.504
CKD (%)
41.1%
33.3%
42.5%
0.373
AF (%)
6.5%
7.7%
6.3%
0.725
HF (%)
6.5%
2.5%
7.2%
0.480
Stroke (%)
4.9%
5.1%
4.8%
1
COPD/asthma (%)
0.4%
0%
0.5%
1
Cancer (%)
2.4%
0%
2.9%
0.594
≥2 comorbid conditions (%)
34.6%
25.6%
36.2%
0.274
Investigations
HbA1c (%)
7.2 ± 1.2
6.8 ± 0.7
7.3 ± 1.2
0.004∗
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)
134.9 ± 32.5
119.1 ± 21.4
137.9 ± 33.5
0.001∗
Postprandial plasma glucose (mg/dl)
172.7 ± 49.8
155.1 ± 31.4
176.0 ± 51.9
0.016∗
Cholesterol total (mmol/L)
4.9 ± 1.2
4.9 ± 1.3
4.9 ± 1.2
0.896
LDL-c (mmol/L)
3.1 ± 0.9
3.1 ± 1.1
3.2 ± 0.9
0.532
HDL-c (mmol/L)
1.1 ± 0.5
1.3 ± 0.8
1.1 ± 0.4
0.009∗
Triglyceride (mmol/L)
2.3 ± 1.2
1.8 ± 0.8
2.4 ± 1.3
0.013∗
Medications
ACEi/ARB (%)
89.8
92.3
89.4
0.775
Beta-blocker (%)
72.0
61.5
73.9
0.166
Calcium channel blocker (%)
51.2
46.2
52.2
0.141
Diuretic (%)
17.5
12.8
18.4
0.545
Insulin (%)
3.7
0
4.3
0.362
Metformin (%)
66.3
79.5
64.3
0.092
Sulfonylurea (%)
42.3
30.8
44.4
0.159
DPP4-inhibitor (%)
6.5
7.7
6.3
0.725
Statin (%)
67.1
59.0
68.6
0.323
∗Statistically significant. Uncontrol: uncontrol at final follow-up; control: control at final follow-up; uncontrol/control: uncontrol or control at baseline; BMI: body mass index, HTN: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; CAD: coronary artery disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; AF: atrial fibrillation; HF: heart failure; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ACEi: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker.
