Metabolomics Identifies Biomarker Signatures to Differentiate Pancreatic Cancer from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Early Diagnosis
Table 4
Test performance characteristics for the biomarker signature from 5 repeated 5-fold cross-validation.
Model
AUC (95% CI)
Sensitivity (95% CI)
Specificity (95% CI)
Accuracy (95% CI)
Kappa (95% CI)
Logistic regression between diabetes mellitus patients and healthy volunteers
Combination1
0.872 (0.847–0.896)
0.760 (0.690–0.830)
0.816 (0.778–0.854)
0.779 (0.751–0.807)
0.556 (0.499–0.613)
Combination2
0.953 (0.937–0.969)
0.876 (0.839–0.913)
0.876 (0.825–0.927)
0.858 (0.828–0.889)
0.713 (0.651–0.775)
Combination3
0.870 (0.842–0.898)
0.764 (0.712–0.816)
0.807 (0.761–0.852)
0.773 (0.734–0.811)
0.538 (0.460–0.615)
Combination4
0.847 (0.810–0.884)
0.768 (0.696–0.840)
0.735 (0.687–0.782)
0.767 (0.732–0.803)
0.537 (0.468–0.607)
Combination5
0.904 (0.870–0.938)
0.830 (0.782–0.878)
0.727 (0.675–0.778)
0.792 (0.753–0.830)
0.585 (0.510–0.660)
Logistic regression between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy volunteers
Combination1
0.882 (0.846–0.918)
0.816 (0.760–0.872)
0.873 (0.834–0.912)
0.852 (0.821–0.883)
0.701 (0.640–0.763)
Combination2
0.974 (0.958–0.991)
0.890 (0.847–0.933)
0.906 (0.861–0.951)
0.886 (0.864–0.909)
0.769 (0.722–0.817)
Combination3
0.879 (0.848–0.909)
0.834 (0.781–0.887)
0.896 (0.860–0.932)
0.865 (0.843–0.888)
0.728 (0.683–0.774)
Combination4
0.860 (0.823–0.896)
0.848 (0.785–0.911)
0.831 (0.778–0.883)
0.837 (0.801–0.874)
0.677 (0.605–0.750)
Combination5
0.919 (0.887–0.952)
0.894 (0.853–0.935)
0.773 (0.714–0.832)
0.841 (0.808–0.874)
0.684 (0.619–0.750)
Logistic regression between pancreatic cancer patients and diabetes mellitus patients
Combination1
0.586 (0.534–0.638)
0.503 (0.439–0.566)
0.629 (0.575–0.683)
0.586 (0.556–0.615)
0.183 (0.127–0.239)
Combination2
0.631 (0.580–0.682)
0.547 (0.493–0.600)
0.613 (0.544–0.683)
0.547 (0.522–0.572)
0.100 (0.049–0.151)
Combination3
0.569 (0.516–0.622)
0.463 (0.398–0.527)
0.612 (0.543–0.681)
0.547 (0.516–0.579)
0.101 (0.038–0.165)
Combination4
0.723 (0.691–0.754)
0.635 (0.589–0.681)
0.696 (0.641–0.751)
0.677 (0.641–0.713)
0.350 (0.278–0.422)
Combination5
0.680 (0.632–0.729)
0.589 (0.535–0.643)
0.671 (0.609–0.732)
0.659 (0.626–0.692)
0.313 (0.246–0.381)
AUC, area under the curve; combination1, model with top 5 metabolites selected from one-way ANOVA test; combination2, model with top 5 metabolites selected from Tukey’s honest significance test between diabetes mellitus patients and healthy volunteers; combination3, model with top 5 metabolites selected from Tukey’s honest significance test between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy volunteers; combination4, model with top 5 metabolites selected from Tukey’s honest significance test between pancreatic cancer patients and diabetes mellitus patients; and combination5, model with all the metabolites involved in previous 4 models.
