Tumor Differentiation is the Dominant Prognostic Factor for Patients with Colorectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms with Distant Metastasis

Table 1

Clinical and pathological features.

Characteristic	Patients (n = 77)
Sex, n (%)
Male	43 (55.8%)
Female	34 (44.2%)
Age [years, mean ± SD]	57.7 ± 12.2
BMI (kg/m^2, mean ± SD)	23.7 ± 3.4
Symptoms, n (%)
Hematochezia	27 (35.1%)
Changes in bowel habits	27 (35.1%)
Abdominal pain	21 (27.3%)
Abdominal distention	8 (10.4%)
Obstruction	7 (9.1%)
Weight loss	3 (3.9%)
Anemia	2 (2.6%)
Carcinoid syndrome	0
Asymptomatic	9 (11.7%)
Primary sites, n (%)
Rectum	56 (72.7%)
Sigmoid	6 (7.8%)
Descending colon	1 (1.3%)
Transverse colon	2 (2.6%)
Ascending colon	8 (10.4%)
Cecum	4 (5.2%)
Primary tumor size (median (range), cm)	4.0 (0.4–15.0)
Primary tumor size, n (%)
≤1 cm	6 (7.8%)
1-2 cm	11 (14.3%)
>2 cm	60 (77.9%)
Primary tumor shape, n (%)
Ulcerative type	37 (48.1%)
Protrude type	40 (51.9%)
TNM T stage, n (%)
T1	8 (10.4%)
T2	3 (3.9%)
T3	37 (48.1%)
T4	29 (37.7%)
TNM N stage, n (%)
N0	9 (11.7%)
N1	68 (88.3%)
Sites of distant metastases, n (%)
Liver	62 (80.5%)
Liver only	33 (42.9%)
Distant lymph nodes	20 (26.0%)
Bone	17 (22.1%)
Peritoneum	8 (10.4%)
Lung	1 (1.3%)
Adrenal	1 (1.3%)
Pancreas	1 (1.3%)
Grade and differentiation
G1 NET	9 (11.7%)
G2 NET	19 (24.7%)
G3 NET	7 (9.1%)
G3 NEC	42 (54.5%)
Ki 67 (median, range)	40% (1%–95%)
Synaptophysin, n (%)
Positive	74 (96.1%)
Negative	3 (3.9%)
CD56, n (%)
Positive	68 (88.3%)
Negative	9 (11.7%)
Surgery, n (%)	35 (45.5%)
Radical resection	12 (15.6%)
Palliative resection	23 (29.9%)
Systematic chemotherapy, n (%)	64 (83.1%)
Radiotherapy, n (%)	4 (5.2%)
No treatment, n (%)	4 (5.2%)

SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; NET, neuroendocrine tumor; NEC, neuroendocrine carcinoma.