Tumor Differentiation is the Dominant Prognostic Factor for Patients with Colorectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms with Distant Metastasis

Table 3

Univariate and multivariate analysis of the risk factors of PFS and OS in the original cohort.

Variables	PFS				OS
	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P
Sex (male/female)	1.30 (0.76–2.21)	0.335			1.08 (0.58–2.03)	0.802
Age	1.00 (0.97–1.02)	0.504			1.01 (0.98–1.04)	0.511
BMI	0.98 (0.91–1.05)	0.509			1.00 (0.92–1.09)	0.926
Primary tumor location (colon/rectum)	2.10 (1.19–3.68)	0.010	1.68 (0.93–3.05)	0.086	2.74 (1.42–5.29)	0.003	0.74 (0.37–1.47)	0.392
Primary tumor size (>2 cm/≤ 2 cm)	2.00 (0.97–4.10)	0.060			2.00 (0.83–4.82)	0.122
Primary tumor shape (ulcerative/protruding)	2.16 (1.24–3.76)	0.007	1.75 (0.95–3.21)	0.073	3.57 (1.79–7.13)	<0.001	1.44 (0.67–3.09)	0.349
Tumor differentiation (NEC/NET)	2.64 (1.51–4.63)	0.001	1.37 (0.71–2.63)	0.347	10.97 (4.37–27.54)	<0.001	8.28 (2.98–23.01)	<0.001
TNM T stage (T3 and T4/T1 and T2)	1.15 (0.54–2.44)	0.714			2.47 (0.76–8.03)	0.132
TNM N stage (N1/N0)	0.70 (0.33–1.48)	0.349			2.42 (0.72–8.20)	0.155
Extrahepatic metastasis (Yes/No)	1.09 (0.64–1.86)	0.750			1.21 (0.65–2.26)	0.547
Surgical resection (Yes/No)	0.99 (0.58–1.67)	0.955			1.33 (0.71–2.48)	0.376

PFS, progression-free survival; OS, overall survival; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; NET, neuroendocrine tumor; NEC, neuroendocrine carcinoma.