Metabolic Profile in a Cohort of Young Sicilian Patients with Klinefelter’s Syndrome: The Role of Irisin

Table 1

Comparison of anthropometric, metabolic, and hormonal parameters between patients with Klinefelter’s syndrome and healthy controls.

	Controls; (N = 30)	Patients with KS; (N = 25)
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Age (years)	32.4 ± 7.62	32.9 ± 12.2	0.886
BMI (Kg/m^2)	26.26 ± 3.41	27.35 ± 7.02	0.515
WC (cm)	92.78 ± 9.68	102,8 ± 18.41	0.028
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	4.95 ± 0.78	4.51 ± 0.95	0.064
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)	1.48 ± 0.17	1.22 ± 0.31	0.002
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	1.21 ± 0.32	1.30 ± 0.87	0.599
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)	2.91 ± 0.79	2.69 ± 0.77	0.303
GOT (U/l)	18.4 ± 6.5	19 ± 7.74	0.716
GPT (U/l)	22.3 ± 8.43	23.05 ± 13.22	0.799
HbA1c (%)	5.2 ± 0.38	5.48 ± 0.44	0.018
Fasting glucose (mmol/l)	4.07 ± 0.20	4.7 ± 0.79	0.388
Fasting insulin (mUI/l)	9.42 ± 5.64	11.83 ± 6.52	0.151
HOMA index IR	2.2 ± 1.5	7.81 ± 5.57	<0.01
ISI-Matsuda	5.9 ± 3.8	1.87 ± 1.29	<0.01
Oral disposition index	2.41 ± 1.32	−0.75 ± 4.74	<0.01
Total testosterone (ng/dl)	551.41 ± 287.2	465.12 ± 319.31	0.296
FSH (mUI/ml)	5.3 ± 2.9	27.75 ± 14.26	<0.001
LH (mUI/ml)	4.01 ± 2.3	17.36 ± 9.71	<0.001
AMH (ug/l)	8.5 ± 3.4	0.09 ± 0.05	<0.001
Inhibin B (ng/l)	128.4 ± 54.7	<25 ± 0.01	<0.001
PRL (ug/l)	9.4 ± 5.1	12.6 ± 8.08	0.784
E2 (ng/l)	22.3 ± 3.5	30.21 ± 12.23	0.001
Irisin (ng/ml)	10.28 ± 1.69	11.79 ± 1.95	0.029

WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; GOT, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; GPT, glutamate pyruvate transaminase’ FSH, follicular stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; PRL, prolactin; AMH, anti-Müllerian hormone; E2, 17beta-estrasiol.