The Association between Baseline, Changes in Uric Acid, and Renal Failure in the Elderly Chinese Individuals: A Prospective Study with a 3-Year Follow-Up

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the participants according to the SUA quartiles at baseline.

Characteristics	SUA quartiles				P for trend
	Q1 (n = 105)	Q2 (n = 110)	Q3 (n = 104)	Q4 (n = 106)
Age (years)	85.8 ± 4.1	86.7 ± 3.7	86.6 ± 4.0	87.5 ± 3.7	0.017
Female (n, %)	72 (68.6)	52 (47.3)	45 (43.3)	32 (30.2)	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	132.3 ± 12.3	130.1 ± 11.9	134.9 ± 13.7	133.6 ± 14.6	0.053
DBP (mmHg)	66.0 ± 8.3	66.3 ± 7.8	68.2 ± 7.9	68.4 ± 8.4	0.061
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.3 ± 3.3	23.6 ± 3.1	25.0 ± 2.9	24.7 ± 3.6	<0.001
TC (mg/dl)	4.6 ± 1.0	4.4 ± 0.9	4.4 ± 0.8	4.2 ± 1.0	0.018
TGs (mg/dl)	1.1 ± 0.4	1.1 ± 0.5	1.4 ± 0.8	1.3 ± 0.7	<0.001
HDL-C(mmol/l)	1.5 ± 0.4	1.4 ± 0.4	1.3 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.3	<0.001
LDL-C (mmol/l)	2.5 ± 0.8	2.3 ± 0.7	2.3 ± 0.7	2.3 ± 0.7	0.349
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)	5.5 ± 1.4	5.5 ± 1.0	5.7 ± 1.5	5.5 ± 1.1	0.578
HbA1c, %	6.2 ± 1	6.1 ± 0.9	6.2 ± 0.8	6.2 ± 0.8	0.843
Hemoglobin (g/l)	127.1 ± 13.9	126.2 ± 14.2	126.9 ± 14.0	126.7 ± 15.9	0.972
Albumin (g/l)	40 ± 4.1	39.4 ± 3.9	40.2 ± 3.8	39.8 ± 4.2	0.546
C-reactive protein (mg/l)	1.4 (0.7,3.1)	1.4 (0.8,3.0)	2.0 (0.9,3.2)	1.8 (1.0,2.9)	0.14
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/l)	6.3 ± 1.7	6.8 ± 1.7	7.1 ± 1.7	8.3 ± 2.5	<0.001
Serum creatinine (umol/l)	84.2 ± 17.2	93.3 ± 21.2	98.3 ± 19.8	109.5 ± 20.6	<0.001
Albuminuria (n, %)	3 (2.86)	6 (5.45)	9 (8.65)	8 (7.55)	0.312
Baseline SUA (mg/dl)	4.0 ± 0.5	5.2 ± 0.3	6.1 ± 0.3	7.5 ± 0.8	<0.001
Follow-up SUA (mg/dl)	4.6 ± 1.2	5.4 ± 1.0	5.5 ± 1.3	6.4 ± 1.9	<0.001
Baseline eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m^2)	61.5 ± 11.6	57.9 ± 12.2	54.8 ± 11.2	49.7 ± 11.2	<0.001
Follow-up eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m^2)	55.7 ± 11.9	53.2 ± 11.9	50.8 ± 12.0	47.2 ± 13.6	<0.001
CKD (n, %)	44 (41.90)	60 (54.55)	71 (68.27)	82 (77.36)	<0.001
Hypertension (n, %)	84 (80)	86 (78.2)	83 (79.8)	89 (84.0)	0.745
Chronic cardiovascular disease (n, %)	63 (60)	66 (60)	62 (59.6)	65 (61.3)	0.995
Diabetes (n, %)	33 (31.4)	43 (39.1)	34 (32.7)	44 (41.5)	0.351
Alcohol intake (n, %)	7 (6.7)	3 (2.7)	5 (4.8)	7 (6.6)	0.515
Current smoke (n, %)	3 (2.86)	0 (0.00)	4 (3.85)	2 (1.89)	0.153
ACEI/ARB usage (n, %)	40 (38.1)	31 (28.2)	43 (41.3)	55 (51.9)	0.005

Note. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), serum uric acid (SUA), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), chronic kidney disease (CKD), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker (ACEI/ARB).