Sex Difference in the Association of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia Prevalence in Patients with Adrenal Adenoma and Different Degrees of Cortisol Excess

Table 2

Adjusted odds ratio for predicting osteoporosis and osteopenia in patients with adrenal adenoma associated with cortisol excess.

Model	Total (n = 237)			MACS (n = 141)
	Model 1; odds ratio (95% CI); value	Model 2; odds ratio (95% CI); value	Model 3; odds ratio (95% CI); value	Model 1; odds ratio (95% CI); value	Model 2; odds ratio (95% CI); value
Cortisol excess^a	3.358; (1.630–6.917); <0.001	1.124; (1.070–1.181); <0.001	3.924; (2.045–7.530); <0.001	2.187; (0.973–4.914); 0.058	1.156; (1.046–1.278); 0.005
Age, years	1.008; (0.987–1.030); 0.461	1.024; (1.000–1.049); 0.053	1.019; (0.996–1.043); 0.113	1.036; (1.001–1.072); 0.042	1.041; (1.005–1.078); 0.024
Sex female	3.350; (1.526–7.356); 0.003	3.918; (1.726–8.894); 0.001	3.461; (1.541–7.772); 0.003	4.264; (1.473–12.340); 0.007	5.231; (1.730–15.814); 0.003
BMI, kg/m^2	0.947; (0.890–1.007); 0.083	0.941; (0.882–1.003); 0.063	0.937; (0.878–0.999); 0.047	0.970; (0.897–1.049); 0.443	0.959; (0.884–1.041); 0.315
sCr, mg/dL	1.199; (0.780–1.843); 0.408	1.158; (0.734–1.828); 0.529	1.177; (0.744–1.862); 0.486	1.113; (0.608–2.037); 0.729	1.030; (0.511–2.077); 0.934

^aCortisol excess was evaluated by positivity of 1 mg DST cortisol level >5.0 µg/dL (vs. 1 mg DST cortisol level of 1.9–5.0 μg/dL) in model 1, continuous variables of 1 mg DST cortisol levels (µg/dL) in model 2, and the presence of Cushingoid features in model 3. Values were adjusted by age, female sex, BMI, and sCr. All values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. BMI, body mass index; CI, confidential interval; DST, overnight dexamethasone suppression test; MACS, mild autonomous cortisol secretion; sCr, serum creatinine.