Sex Difference in the Association of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia Prevalence in Patients with Adrenal Adenoma and Different Degrees of Cortisol Excess

Table 4

Adjusted odds ratio of associating factors for predicting osteoporosis and osteopenia in female patients.

Model	Model 1; Odds ratio (95% CI); value		Model 2; Odds ratio (95% CI); value		Model 3; Odds ratio (95% CI); value
	Total (n = 182)	MACS (n = 99)	Total cases (n = 182)	MACS (n = 99)	Total (n = 182)
Cortisol excess^a	2.561; (1.142–5.742); 0.022	1.686; (0.687–4.140); 0.254	1.124; (1.063–1.189); <0.001	1.129; (1.005–1.267); 0.041	3.833; (1.829–8.030); <0.001
Age, years.	1.010; (0.987–1.035); 0.386	1.041; (1.002–1.083); 0.041	1.031; (1.004–1.059); 0.027	1.047; (1.006–1.090); 0.024	1.025; (0.998–1.052); 0.067
BMI, kg/m^2	0.947; (0.886–1.012); 0.109	0.972; (0.894–1.057); 0.508	0.941; (0.877–1.009); 0.086	0.963; (0.884–1.049); 0.390	0.931; (0.867–1.000); 0.051

^aCortisol excess was evaluated by positivity of 1 mg DST cortisol level >5.0 µg/dL (vs. 1 mg DST cortisol level of 1.9–5.0 μg/dL) in model 1, continuous valuables of 1 mg DST cortisol (µg/dL) in model 2, and the presence of cushingoid features in model 3. Values were adjusted by age and BMI. All values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. BMI, body mass index; CI, confidential interval; DST, overnight dexamethasone suppression test; MACS, mild autonomous cortisol secretion.