| | Variables | Participants included in 2019 |
| | Sample size | 2136 | | Region | | Urban, no. (%) | 1594 (74.63%) | | Rural, no. (%) | 542 (25.37%) | | Anthropometric measures | | Male sex, no. (%) | 1116 (52.25%) | | Age, mean, y | 11.68 (0.60) | | BMI, mean, kg/m2 | 19.10 (3.77) | | Height, mean, cm | 151.78 (7.99) | | Weight, mean, kg | 44.39 (11.05) | | Waist circumference, mean, cm | 66.02 (10.14) | | WHtR, mean | 0.43 (0.06) | | Hip circumference, mean, cm | 81.80 (8.30) | | SBP, mean, mmHg | 105.71 (9.56) | | DBP, mean, mmHg | 62.81 (6.76) | | Puberty, no. (%) | 586 (31.32%) | | Serum biochemical indexes | | FBG, mean, mmol/L | 4.45 (0.43) | | TC, mean, mmol/L | 3.52 (0.61) | | TG, mean, mmol/L | 1.06 (0.50) | | TG, meana | −0.03 (0.39) | | HDL-C, mean, mmol/L | 1.44 (0.31) | | LDL-C, mean, mmol/L | 1.84 (0.44) | | TG/HDL-C, mean | 0.80 (0.50) | | Insulin, mean, pmol/L | 83.54 (74.85) | | Insulin, meana | 4.15 (0.73) | | HbA1c, mean, % | 5.37 (0.19) | | Insulin resistance index (IR), mean | 2.40 (2.38) | | IR, meana | 0.57 (0.74) | | Uric acid, mean, μmol/L | 319.64 (76.98) |
| | Perinatal measures | | Maternal prepregnancy obesity, no. (%) | | Low weight | 352 (21.13%) | | Normal weight | 1158 (69.51%) | | Overweight/obesity | 156 (9.36%) | | Increased BMI during pregnancy, mean, kg/m2 | 5.40 (2.62) | | Maternal weight gain, no. (%) | | Weight gain below IOM guidelines | 519 (31.36%) | | Within IOM guidelines | 637 (38.49%) | | Weight gain above IOM guidelines | 499 (30.15%) | | Gestational age of mother, mean, y | 27.26 (4.98) | | Gestational age of father, mean, y | 30.23 (5.31) | | Gestational weeks of child, mean, weeks | 38.86 (2.16) | | Birthweight, mean, g | 3271.09 (493.62) | | Fatal weight of pregnancy week, no. (%)b | | SGA | 133 (7.68%) | | Appropriate for gestational age | 1180 (68.13%) | | LGA | 419 (24.19) | | Gestational hypertension, no. (%)b | | No | 1967 (97.18%) | | Yes | 57 (2.82%) | | Gestational diabetes, no. (%)b | | No | 2001 (98.52%) | | Yes | 30 (1.48%) | | Smoking during pregnancy, no. (%)b | | No | 1642 (87.67%) | | Yes | 231 (12.33%) | | Birth with Cesarean operation, no. (%)b | | No | 700 (36.76%) | | Yes | 1204 (63.24%) |
| | Socioeconomic measures | | Income, Yuan/year, no. (%)b | | ∼50,000 | 645 (31.96%) | | ∼150,000 | 853 (42.27%) | | >150,000 | 520 (25.77%) | | Expenditure of food, median (IQR), Yuan/month/person | 665.6 (499.2, 998.4) | | Marriage status, no. (%)b | | Double parents | 1763 (91.82%) | | Single parents | 157 (8.18%) | | Mother’s education, y, no. (%)b | | ∼9 | 694 (33.27%) | | ∼12 | 726 (34.80%) | | ≥15 | 666 (31.93%) | | Father’s education, y, no. (%) | | ∼9 | 587 (28.15%) | | ∼12 | 750 (35.97%) | | ≥15 | 748 (35.88%) | | Mother’s occupation, no. (%)b | | Manager | 112 (5.39%) | | Worker | 708 (34.07%) | | Technician/researcher | 65 (3.13%) | | Farmer | 567 (27.29%) | | Other | 626 (30.13%) | | Father’s occupation, no. (%)b | | Manager | 175 (8.49%) | | Worker | 706 (34.24%) | | Technician/researcher | 177 (8.58%) | | Farmer | 573 (27.79%) | | Other | 431 (20.90%) |
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aNatural logarithmic transformation. bThe total sample size is unequal to 2136 in 2019 as there are missing data. BMI: body mass index, WHtR: waist-height ratio, SBP: systemic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, FBG: fasting blood glucose, TC: total cholesterol, TG: triglyceride, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, IOM: 2009 Institute of Medicine, SGA: small for gestational age, LGA: large for gestational age, QoL: quality of life.
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