Low Serum Total Testosterone Is Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Men but Not in Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Demographic characteristics and clinical parameters of patients with and without NAFLD (men, n = 600).

	Non-NAFLD	NAFLD
Participants, %	317 (36.2)	383 (63.8)	–
Age, years	62.15 ± 11.95	52.39 ± 14.98	<0.001
BMI, Kg/m^2	24.29 ± 3.00	28.98 ± 5.29	<0.001
Current smoking, %	94 (43.3)	166 (44.4)	0.801
Current drinking, %	85 (39.2)	147 (39.3)	0.974
Insurance type, %			0.335
Urban workers	177 (81.6)	313 (81.7)
Non-working urban residents	28 (12.9)	39 (10.2)
Self-pay	12 (5.5)	31 (8.1)
Dyslipidemia, %	156 (73.6)	320 (84.2)	0.002
Hypertension, %	127 (58.5)	233 (60.8)	0.579
Duration of T2DM, year	10.00 (6.00, 20.00)	5.00 (0.50, 13.00)	<0.001
Blood pressure, mmHg
Systolic	134.95 ± 18.80	137.74 ± 17.85	0.072
Diastolic	80.82 ± 11.35	85.96 ± 11.74	<0.001
HbA1c, %	8.69 ± 2.29	8.78 ± 2.27	0.644
TC, mmol/L	4.50 ± 1.21	4.99 ± 1.97	0.001
TG, mmol/L	1.34 (0.95, 1.84)	2.00 (1.42, 2.96)	<0.001
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.11 ± 0.29	1.00 ± 0.23	<0.001
LDL-C, mmol/L	2.73 ± 0.96	3.00 ± 0.97	0.001
LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio	2.56 ± 0.95	3.10 ± 1.14	<0.001
UA, μmol/L	343.13 ± 103.81	384.34 ± 107.49	<0.001
CRP, mg/dL	0.23 (0.16, 0.48)	0.27 (0.18, 0.48)	0.218
AST, u/l	16.00 (13.00, 20.00)	18.50 (15.00, 26.00)	<0.001
ALT, u/l	17.00 (12.00, 23.75)	24.00 (17.00, 38.00)	<0.001
TT, nmol/L	13.42 (10.00, 17.14)	11.36 (8.80, 14.27)	<0.001
Androstenedione, nmol/L	1.85 (1.41, 2.44)	1.94 (1.46, 2.52)	0.302
DHEA, nmol/L	6.53 (4.34, 10.12)	8.17 (5.37, 12.68)	<0.001
DHEAS, μmol/L	3.02 (1.89, 4.91)	4.15 (2.58, 6.22)	<0.001

NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI, body mass index; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; UA, uric acid; CRP, C-reactive protein; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; TT, total testosterone; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.Excess alcohol consumption (≥210 g/week for men, ≥140 g/week for women) was initially excluded.