Low Serum Total Testosterone Is Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Men but Not in Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 4

Odds ratios of NAFLD among women by different types of androgens.

	Odds ratios (95% CI)
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
TT
Tertile1	1	1	1	1
Tertile2	0.87 (0.56, 1.35)	0.88 (0.56, 1.36)	0.70 (0.37, 1.31)	0.75 (0.39, 1.45)
Tertile3	0.96 (0.61, 1.52)	0.96 (0.60, 1.52)	0.84 (0.44, 1.61)	0.92 (0.44, 1.92)
P for trend	0.807	0.832	0.532	0.664
Per SD increment	0.91 (0.75, 1.09)	0.91 (0.76, 1.10)	0.81 (0.50, 1.31)	0.74 (0.41, 1.30)
Androstenedione
Tertile1	1	1	1	1
Tertile2	0.93 (0.60, 1.44)	0.89 (0.58, 1.39)	0.79 (0.43, 1.46)	0.88 (0.41, 1.87)
Tertile3	0.82 (0.50, 1.34)	0.82 (0.50, 1.35)	0.79 (0.40, 1.59)	0.91 (0.34, 2.45)
P for trend	0.732	0.731	0.709	0.941
Per SD increment	1.00 (0.80, 1.26)	1.01 (0.80, 1.26)	1.01 (0.74, 1.40)	1.20 (0.77, 1.88)
DHEA
Tertile1	1	1	1	1
Tertile2	1.04 (0.67, 1.63)	1.06 (0.67, 1.66)	0.77 (0.41, 1.46)	1.16 (0.51, 2.66)
Tertile3	0.72 (0.44, 1.17)	0.70 (0.43, 1.14)	0.84 (0.43, 1.64)	1.41 (0.52, 3.84)
P for trend	0.272	0.212	0.721	0.791
Per SD increment	0.86 (0.71, 1.05)	0.85 (0.70, 1.04)	0.90 (0.64, 1.27)	0.96 (0.59, 1.55)
DHEAS
Tertile1	1	1	1	1
Tertile2	0.67 (0.43, 1.03)	0.66 (0.43, 1.03)	0.56 (0.30, 1.03)	0.52 (0.26, 1.05)
Tertile3	1.10 (0.66, 1.80)	1.06 (0.64, 1.76)	0.58 (0.28, 1.20)	0.52 (0.21, 1.25)
P for trend	0.070	0.082	0.139	0.171
Per SD increment	1.10 (0.88, 1.37)	1.07 (0.86, 1.34)	0.84 (0.61, 1.16)	0.86 (0.57, 1.28)

Model 1: adjusted for age and post-menopausal status. Model 2: adjusted for model 1 + current smoking and current drinking. Model 3: adjusted for model 2 + BMI, duration of T2DM, diastolic blood pressure, TC, TG, LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio, UA, and CRP. Model 4: adjusted for model 3, but mutually for hormones. NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; UA, uric acid; CRP, C-reactive protein; TT, total testosterone; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.