Association between Serum Copper, Selenium, Zinc, and Serum Estradiol in Women

Table 2

Association between serum copper (μmol/L) and E2 (ng/mL).

	Model 1 β (95% CI) -value	Model 2 β (95% CI)-value	Model 3 β (95% CI) -value
Total	9.485 (7.213, 11.758) <0.00001	9.374 (7.094, 11.655) <0.00001	8.428 (6.100, 10.756) <0.00001
Age
Total	8.797 (6.525, 11.070) <0.00001	8.618 (6.322, 10.915) <0.00001	8.554 (6.228, 10.880) <0.00001
<25	2.636 (0.603, 4.668) 0.01121	2.237 (0.194, 4.280) 0.03220	1.586 (−0.235, 3.407) 0.08822
25-55	13.846 (9.217, 18.474) <0.00001	13.561 (8.888, 18.234) <0.00001	14.160 (9.388, 18.932) <0.00001
56	0.838 (0.460, 1.217) 0.00002	0.735 (0.344, 1.127) 0.00025	0.766 (0.378, 1.154) 0.00012
Race/Hispanic origin
Total	12.412 (9.789, 15.036) <0.00001	12.925 (10.300, 15.549) <0.00001	11.643 (8.960, 14.327) <0.00001
Mexican American	28.956 (20.355,37.558) <0.00001	31.148 (22.389, 39.908) <0.00001	30.105 (20.771, 39.440) <0.00001
Other Hispanic	39.199 (27.082,51.317) <0.00001	40.041 (27.917, 52.166) <0.00001	36.573 (23.463, 49.683) <0.00001
Non-Hispanic white	−1.920 (−3.724, −0.117) 0.03722	−1.838 (−3.613, −0.063) 0.04267	−2.760 (−4.458, −1.061) 0.00151
Non-Hispanic black	15.202 (9.730, 20.674) <0.00001	16.330 (10.823, 21.836) <0.00001	14.185 (8.863, 19.506) <0.00001
Other race—including multiracial	−0.102 (−2.031, 1.826) 0.91709	−0.010 (−1.914, 1.893) 0.99161	−0.425 (−2.228, 1.378) 0.64431

Model 1: no covariates were adjusted. Model 2: age and race were adjusted. Model 3: age, race, education, ratio of family income to poverty, testosterone, total, body mass index, and marital status were adjusted. In the subgroup analysis stratified by age and race, the model was not adjusted for age and race.