Establishment and Validation of a New Predictive Model for Insulin Resistance based on 2 Chinese Cohorts: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 1
Clinical characteristics of the two study cohorts.
Characteristics
Derivation cohort
b
Validation cohort
b
IR (N = 490)
Non-IR (N = 177)
IR (N = 172)
Non-IR (N = 99)
Male/female
271/219
103/74
0.507
66/106
35/64
0.621
Age (y)
58.17 ± 10.89
58.44 ± 10.87
0.783
33.52 ± 12.05
32.33 ± 7.48
0.377
Smoking, n (%)
206 (42.04)
86 (48.59)
0.132
63 (36.63)
44 (44.45)
0.205
Drinking, n (%)
150 (30.61)
60 (33.90)
0.420
51 (29.65)
32 (32.32)
0.646
Hyperuricemia, n (%)
48 (9.80)
11 (6.21)
0.150
49 (28.49)
6 (6.06)
<0.001
Dyslipidemia, n (%)
286 (58.37)
89 (50.28)
0.063
50 (29.07)
13 (13.13)
0.003
NAFLD, n (%)
261 (53.27)
65 (36.72)
<0.001
88 (51.16)
20 (20.20)
<0.001
Hypertension, n (%)
85 (17.35)
33 (18.64)
0.698
51 (29.65)
5 (5.05)
<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
26.93 ± 3.79
24.85 ± 3.46
<0.001
33.34 ± 6.61
22.70 ± 4.07
<0.001
VFA (cm2)
107.00 ± 30.68
91.27 ± 28.72
<0.001
182.60 ± 58.22
81.74 ± 39.25
<0.001
WC (cm)
95.68 ± 11.69
89.67 ± 10.33
<0.001
109.69 ± 16.40
83.83 ± 11.16
<0.001
FPG (mmol/L)
9.28 ± 2.73
7.63 ± 2.42
<0.001
5.57 ± 1.58
4.63 ± 0.46
<0.001
FINS (μU/mL)
13.50 (9.92–20.48)
5.89 (4.49–7.60)
<0.001
20.80 (15.74–29.75)
7.63 (6.42–10.04)
<0.001
TG (mmol/L)
1.80 (1.28–2.62)
1.37 (1.00–2.12)
<0.001
1.69 (1.14–2.10)
0.80 (0.66–1.06)
<0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)
1.22 ± 0.34
1.20 ± 0.30
0.571
1.32 ± 0.29
1.64 ± 0.37
<0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)
3.22 ± 0.83
3.12 ± 0.78
0.133
2.98 ± 0.66
2.70 ± 0.80
0.002
ALT (IU/L)
21.85 (14.90–35.55)
17.50 (13.25–25.10)
<0.001
31.05 (19.10–45.10)
16.00 (12.00–24.50)
<0.001
AST (IU/L)
16.60 (13.40–23.00)
15.60 (12.80–19.40)
0.005
24.40 (17.90–28.95)
18.00 (15.00–21.70)
<0.001
UA (μmol/L)
302.82 ± 84.14
285.53 ± 83.26
0.019
381.62 ± 102.79
289.80 ± 85.01
<0.001
TyG index
2.15 ± 0.69
1.69 ± 0.64
<0.001
1.09 ± 0.32
0.70 ± 0.24
<0.001
LAP
61.83 (36.82–97.28)
38.49 (21.61–67.94)
<0.001
83.63 (54.09–113.47)
17.02 (11.61–32.90)
<0.001
VAI
2.74 (1.72–3.93)
1.91 (1.27–3.33)
<0.001
2.20 (1.44–3.21)
0.83 (0.62–1.30)
<0.001
THR
1.58 (1.05–2.34)
1.39 (0.96–2.43)
0.299
1.29 (0.87–1.73)
0.50 (0.38–0.73)
<0.001
(a) Continuous variables were expressed as median ± standard deviation or interquartile range and categorical variables were expressed as numbers or percentages. (b) Student’s t-test, unpaired Mann–Whitney U test, or chi-squared test was performed where appropriate. NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, BMI: body mass index, VFA: visceral fat area, WC: waist circumference, FPG: fasting plasma glucose, FINS: fasting insulin, TG: triglyceride, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, UA: uric acid, TyG: triglyceride and glucose, LAP: lipid accumulation product, VAI: visceral adiposity index, and THR: triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio.
