Can the First Fasting Plasma Glucose Test in Pregnancy Predict Subsequent Gestational Complications?
Table 1
Clinical and metabolic parameters of the study sample, grouped by NGT versus GDM, and by FFPG (<92 mg/dl or ≥92 mg/dl).
NGT <92 541
NGT ≥92 143
P1
GDM <92 470
GDM ≥92 283
P2
P3
Age (yrs)
33.3 ± 5.2
32.9 ± 5.6
0.541
34.6 ± 4.6
34.5 ± 4.9
0.802
0.004
BMI (kg/m2)
22.3 ± 4.0
24.3 ± 5.6
<0.001
23.7 ± 4.7
25.8 ± 5.4
<0.001
<0.001
Ethnicity (Italian) (%)
92.3
90.3
ns
89.7
87.5
ns
ns
Family history of diabetes (%)
10.2
9.6
ns
17.9
29.3
<0.001
0.001
Obesity (%)
3
4.1
ns
5
13.4
<0.001
0.028
Overweight (%)
6.1
7.1
ns
7.0
19.2
<0.001
0.044
Age >35 yrs (%)
26.2
14.4
<0.001
23.4
35
<0.001
0.022
Previous GDM (%)
0.8
1.2
3.1
9.1
<0.001
0.001
WG at FFPG
7.9 ± 1.4
7.9 ± 1.2
0.745
8.2 ± 2.4
7.7 ± 2.0
0.004
0.191
WG at diagnosis
na
na
25.2 ± 2.6
21.9 ± 6.0
<0.001
na
FFPG (mg/dl)
80.7 ± 6.0
95.3 ± 4.3
<0.001
82.4 ± 5.8
98.1 ± 6.5
<0.001
<0.001
Weight gain (kg)
11.7 ± 3.7
12.4 ± 3.3
0.521
9.2 ± 4.4
10.6 ± 6.1
0.468
0.380
Gestational hypertension (%)
1.7
2.2
ns
2.4
4.1
0.099
0.766
WG at delivery
39.7 ± 1.5
39.8 ± 1.6
0.537
38.9 ± 1.7
38.7 ± 1.6
0.402
<0.001
Birthweight (g)
3328 ± 500
3363 ± 537
ns
3273 ± 474
3249 ± 508
0.521
0.031
Macrosomia (%)
3.2
3.6
ns
2.2
2.6
ns
0.011
Neonatal hypoglycemia (%)
0.7
0.0
ns
1.3
3.8
ns
<0.001
Insulin therapy (%)
na
na
13.6
29.9
<0.001
na
LGA
2.5
4.1
ns
3.6
6.9
0.053
0.013
SGA
6.6
3.3
ns
4.7
7.2
ns
0.013
NGT, normal glucose tolerance; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; WG, week of gestation; FFPG, first fasting plasma glucose test; ns = not significant; na = not applicable. Comparisons: P1, NGT <92 versus ≥92; P2, GDM <92 versus ≥92; P3 NGT ≥92 versus GDM ≥92.
