Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency and Their Relative Importance among Indian Adolescents: An Application of Dominance Analysis

Table 1

Selected anthropometric and biological variables included in the regression analysis as independent variables.

	Tool/method used for measurement	Indicator of	Mean ± SD
Anthropometric variables
Body mass index (BMI)	Digital SECA scales and three-piece wooden height/length boards	Overweight and obesity	18.16 ± 4.03
Height for age (z-score)	Digital SECA scales and three-piece wooden height/length boards	Stunting, wasting
Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) (cm)	MUAC tape	Nutritional status	21.95 ± 3.65
Triceps skinfold thickness(TSFT) (cm)	Holtain skinfold calipers	Nutritional status	9.81 ± 4.66
Subscapular skinfold thickness (SSFT) (cm)	Holtain skinfold calipers	Nutritional status	8.86 ± 4.16
Waist circumference, (cm), cm	Fiber glass tapes	Abdominal obesity	63.85 ± 9.10
Biological variables
Hemoglobin level (g/dl)	Cyanmethemoglobin method	Anemia status	12.93 ± 1.75
Serum ferritin (μg/l)	Direct chemiluminescence method	Iron deficiency	42.13 ± 38.15
Serum retinol (μg/dL)	HPLC reversed-phase chromatography	Vitamin A deficiency	32.64 ± 34.27
Serum zinc (μg/dL)	(Not disclosed)	Zinc deficiency	78.46 ± 15.89
Serum vitamin B12 (ng/ml)	Competitive immunoassay using direct chemiluminescence	Vitamin B12 deficiency	292.68 ± 141.55
Urine iodine (μg/l)	Microplate method based on the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction	Iodine status	238.65 ± 165.71
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)	Spectrophotometry	Diabetes	90.96 ± 12.88
Serum cholesterol (mg/dl)	Plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels	Cholesterol level	140.61 ± 32.89
Glycosylated hemoglobin (%)	Spectrophotometry	Diabetes	5.23 ± 0.4
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)	Spectrophotometry	Renal function	0.64 ± 0.24
Serum erythrocyte folate (ng/ml)	Competitive immunoassay using direct chemiluminescence	RBC folate deficiency	221.89 ± 191.46