Circulating Adiponectin Levels Are Inversely Associated with Mortality and Respiratory Failure in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19

Table 1

Characteristics, vital parameters, and laboratory findings at admission of patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

	Non-survivors (n = 37)	Survivors (n = 86)	Total (n = 123)	p value
Age
≤60 years, n (%)	2 (5.4)	36 (41.9)	38 (30.9)
61–80 years, n (%)	18 (48.6)	35 (40.7)	53 (43.1)
≥81 years, n (%)	17 (45.9)	15 (17.4)	32 (26.0)	<0.0001
Age, median [IQR]	79 [71, 84]	65 [53, 76]	72 [59, 81]	<0.0001
Sex
Female, n (%)	14 (37.8)	36 (41.9)	50 (40.7)
Male, n (%)	23 (62.2)	50 (58.1)	73 (59.3)	0.83
BMI, median [IQR]^a	27.4 [24.2, 31.1]	27.9 [24.3, 31.5]	27.9 [24.2, 31.2]	0.70
Hypertension, n (%)	25 (67.6)	34 (39.5)	59 (48.0)	<0.01
AMI and/or heart failure, n (%)	3 (8.1)	7 (8.1)	10 (8.1)	1.00
Diabetes, n (%)	15 (40.5)	21 (24.4)	36 (29.3)	0.11
COPD, n (%)	4 (10.8)	6 (7.0)	10 (8.1)	0.72
Asthma, n (%)	5 (13.5)	10 (11.6)	15 (12.2)	1.00
Infiltration on chest X-ray, n (%)	34 (91.9)	69 (80.2)	103 (83.7)	0.18
Findings at admission
respiratory rate (breaths/min) median [IQR]^b	22 [20, 30]	20 [18, 26]	21 [18, 28]	0.15
Oxygen saturation (%,) median [IQR]	94 [91, 96]	96 [94, 98]	95 [93, 97]	0.03
Supplemental oxygen, n (%)	22 (59.5)	39 (45.3)	61 (49.6)	0.22
Laboratory findings at admission
Blood
Lymphocytes × 10^9/L, median [IQR]^c	0.8 [0.6, 1.2]	1.0 [0.8, 1.3]	1.0 [0.7, 1.3]	0.05
Platelets × 10^9/L, median [IQR]^c	199 [166, 229]	200 [173, 264]	199 [168, 251]	0.34
Plasma
Creatinine (µmol/L), median [IQR]^c	98 [85, 132]	84 [69, 97]	91 [75, 105]	<0.01
ALT (U/L), median [IQR]^c	33 [28, 53]	32 [22, 56]	32 [24, 54]	0.29
LDH (U/L), median [IQR]^d	406 [312, 523]	328 [237, 417]	336 [251, 456]	0.03
CRP (mg/L), median [IQR]^c	110 [52, 183]	95 [50, 146]	98 [51, 153]	0.22
Serum
Leptin (ng/mL), median [IQR]	7.2 [3.7, 12.7]	7.2 [3.8, 13.8]	7.2 [3.8, 13.4]	0.60
Adiponectin (µg/mL), median [IQR]	8.9 [3.9, 14.5]	9.0 [6.0, 14.5]	9.0 [5.7, 14.6]	0.50
Adiponectin/leptin ratio, median [IQR]	1.5 [0.6, 2.4]	1.0 [0.5, 2.8]	1.1 [0.5, 2.6]	0.89

a: BMI was missing for 17 subjects. b: respiratory rate was missing for 1 subject. c: lymphocytes, platelets, creatinine, ALT and CRP were missing for 18 subjects. d: LDH was missing for 24 subjects. ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP: C-reactive protein; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase.