Incidence of Dysmagnesemia among Medically Hospitalized Patients and Associated Clinical Characteristics: A Prospective Cohort Study

Table 1

Characteristics of 304 hospitalized patients according to total serum magnesium concentration.

Characteristic n (%) unless specified otherwise	Total 304 (100%)	≤0.69 mmol/L 53 (17.4%)	0.70–1.00 mmol/L 237 (78.0%)	≥1.01 mmol/L 14 (4.6%)	value
Gender (female)	155 (51.0%)	28 (53.0%)	116 (49.0%)	11 (78.6%)	0.09
Age; IQR, years	65 (46–76)	70 (61–76%)	64 (45–76)	69 (45–82)	0.06
Medical history
Hypertension	171 (56.2%)	33 (62.3%)	127 (53.6%)	11 (78.6%)	0.12
Diabetes mellitus (DM)	156 (23.4%)	27 (18.9%)	120 (22.8%)	9 (50.0%)	0.61
Chronic kidney disease (CKD)	71 (23.4%)	10 (22.7%)	54 (23.2%)	7 (28.6%)	0.05
Heart failure (HF)	71 (23.4%)	12 (22.6%)	55 (23.2%)	4 (28.6%)	0.89
Atrial fibrillation (AF)	24 (7.9%)	3 (5.7%)	18 (7.6%)	3 (21.4%)	0.14
Alcohol consumption	31 (10.2%)	7 (13.2%)	24 (10.1%)	0	0.42
Smoking	41 (13.5%)	11 (20.8%)	29 (12.2%)	1 (7.1%)	0.24
Medications
Loop diuretics	100 (32.9%)	19 (35.9%)	74 (31.2%)	7 (50.0%)	0.31
Thiazides	17 (5.6%)	4 (7.55%)	13 (5.51%)	0	0.60
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI)	155 (51.0%)	31 (58.5%)	117 (49.4%)	7 (50.0%)	0.49
Biochemical profile
Albumin, SD, g/L	35.57 ± 7.05	34.0 ± 7.9	36.1 ± 7.0	36.6 ± 8.8	0.13
Ionized calcium, IQR, mmol/L	1.20(1.16–1.24)	1.18(1.14–1.22)	1.21(1.17–1.24)	1.22(1.17–1.25)	0.03
Sodium, IQR, mmol/L	136 (123–139)	135 (130–137)	136 (132–139)	137 (133–142)	0.09
Potassium, IQR, mmol/L	4.3 (3.9–4.7)	4.4 (3.9–4.8)	4.2 (3.9–4.65)	4.65 (4.2–5.1)	0.09
Serum creatinine, IQR, mmol/L	78 (57–119.5)	76 (60–115)	77 (56–114)	169 (86–370)	<0.001
eGFR	84(57–90)	84 (63–90)	85(60–90)	27(13–57)	0.001
Dysmagnesemia treatment
Oral or IV Mg	59 (19.4%)	24 (45.3%)	33 (13.9%)	2 (14.3%)	<0.001