Metabolomics of Mice with Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Treated by Acupuncture

Table 3

Assignments of ¹H-NMR spectra peaks obtained from the liver of mice.

No	Metabolite	δ 1H (multiplicity)
1	2-Oxoglutarate	2.45 t
2	3-Hydroxybutyric acid	1.20 d, 1.21 d
3	Acetate	1.32 d
4	Adenosine	4.8 t, 8.2 s
5	Alanine	1.48 d, 3.78 q
6	AMP	4.79 t, 6.12 d
7	Arginine	3.27 t
8	Asparagine	2.85 dd
9	Aspartate	2.66 dd
10	ATP	4.56 t, 8.24 s
11	Betaine	3.89 s
12	Choline	3.50 dd
13	Creatine	3.01 s
14	Citrate	2.68 d
15	DSS	1.74 m
16	α-Glucose	3.42 m, 5.23 d
17	β-Glucose	4.66 d
18	Glutamate	2.12 m, 2.32 m
19	Glutamine	2.18 m
20	Glycine	3.57 s
21	GTP	8.12 s
22	Histidine	7.11 s
23	IMP	3.94 s
24	Isoleucine	1.25 m
25	Lactate	1.34 d, 4.10 q
26	Leucine	0.94 d. 0.95 d
27	Methanol	3.33 s
28	Methionine	2.63 t
29	Myo-inositol	3.60 t
30	NAD^+	4.75 t, 8.20 t
31	NADP^+	6.04 d
32	Niacinamide	7.58 q, 8.70 d, 8.92 d
33	Nicotinate	8.59 d
34	O-Phosphocholine	3.21 s
35	Phenylalanine	7.31 m
36	Proline	2.03 m, 2.33 m
37	Pyruvate	2.41 s
38	Serine	3.93 dd, 3.97 dd
39	Succinate	2.39 s
40	Taurine	3.26 t
41	Threonine	3.61 s
42	Tryptophan	7.19 t
43	Tyrosine	6.91 m, 7.19 m
44	UDP-N-acetylglucosamine	8.35 d
45	Uridine	3.80 dd, 3.90 dd, 7.86 d
46	Valine	1.04 d
47	β-Alanine	1.48 t, 3.17 t, 3.78 t

Note. s is single-peaked, d is dual-peaked, t is triple-peaked, q is quadruple-peaked, m is multipeak, and dd is double of doublet.