Relating Plant Biodiversity in Forests with the Spatial Scale of Ecosystem Processes
Table 1
Ecological key parameters for an ecological series of close-to-nature European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest ecosystem types of the Northern Central Europe compared to secondary Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest ecosystem types which substitute beech forest on large parts of the woodlands mainly in the Eastern lowland regions [7].
Parameter
Close-to-nature European beech forest ecosystem types
1
2
3
4
Mercuriali-Fagetum sylvaticae
Melico-Fagetum sylvaticae
Milio-Fagetum sylvaticae
Majanthemo-Fagetum sylvaticae
Soil substrate
marl, marly loam
loam
sandy loam, loamy sand
sand
Soil nutrient status
hypertrophic, carbonate
eutrophic
meso- to eutrophic
mesotrophic, meso- to oligotrophic
Humus type
mull
mull-like moder
mull-like moder to moder
moder
(0–5 cm)
10–12
13–15
16–18
19–22
Site inde (m)
Ecosystem productivit (t/ha)
Parameter
Secondary Scots pine forest ecosystem types
Rubo-Culto-Pinetum sylvestris
Rubo-Avenello-Culto-Pin.sylv.
Avenello-Culto-Pinetum sylvestris
Soil substrate
loam
sandy loam, loamy sand
sand
Soil nutrient status
eutrophic
meso- to eutrophic
meso- to oligotrophic
Humus type
moder
raw humus-like moder
raw humus
(0–5 cm)
20–22
23–25
27–29
Site inde (m)
Ecosystem productivit (t/ha)
Mean basal area height of trees at 100 years. Maximum average net primary production of aboveground biomass (dry weight).