Generation of Stable Photovoltage in Nonstoichiometric CuBi₂O₄ Thin-Film Photocathodes

Figure 4

Chopped open-circuit potential measurements for CuBi₂O₄ thin-film photocathodes in the electrolytes of 0.1 M KPi buffered solution (pH ~8.55) with and without H₂O₂ as the electron scavenger. Notably, the time (, , , and ) indicates measured potentials under dark-illumination conditions after 10 s to achieve surface equilibrium.