China’s Potential for Trade in Renewable Energy Products in RCEP Countries: A Gravity Model Analysis

Table 1

Specific meaning and expected sign of each variable.

Variables	Specific meaning	Expected symbols
Dependent variable
lnEV	Natural logarithm of export value
Independent variable
lnGDPi	Natural logarithm of exporters’ GDP (2015 constant US$)	+
lnGDPj	Natural logarithm of GDP of importing countries (constant 2015 US$)	+
lnDIS	Natural logarithm of distance between two countries (KM)	—
lnPMD	Natural logarithm of particulate emission damage (% of GNI)	+
lnCDD	Natural logarithm of carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI)	+
lnNRR	Natural logarithm of natural resource depletion (% of GNI) plus 1	+
lnREC	Natural logarithm of renewable energy consumption (% of final energy consumption)	—
lnENC	Natural logarithm of total electricity consumption (TWh)	+
lnEC	Natural logarithm of renewable energy generation capacity (MW) plus 1	—
lnEG	Natural logarithm of renewable energy generation (GWh) plus 1	—

Source: Determined by authors based on research objectives and data availability.