A Numerical Study of CO<sub>2</sub> Decoupled Effects on Extinction Limit and Flame Microstructure in CH<sub>4</sub>/Air Counterflow Diffusion Flame with Various Pressures

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static-preview.hindawi.com/articles/ijer/volume-2023/4882147/figures/4882147.fig.0013a.svgz" name="4882147.fig.0013a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>OH generation</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static-preview.hindawi.com/articles/ijer/volume-2023/4882147/figures/4882147.fig.0013b.svgz" name="4882147.fig.0013b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>OH consumption</td></tr></table>

<div>The reaction rate profiles of OH generation and consumption of the flame at extinction limit of CH<sub>4</sub>-air/CO<sub>2</sub> diffusion flame with CO<sub>2</sub> dilution ratio <span class="nowrap"><svg height="12.7178pt" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-3.42947pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 38.1062 12.7178" width="38.1062pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M558 587C558 666 497 712 432 712C379 712 330 691 284 650C212 586 178 508 148 348L71 -65C49 -185 35 -229 23 -235L27 -261C49 -259 101 -251 124 -224C131 -216 138 -178 159 -24C171 66 197 200 227 356C264 550 295 668 393 668C443 668 479 632 479 575C479 516 446 458 383 418C361 404 344 398 318 397L296 350C395 338 460 281 460 192C460 110 411 40 300 40C258 40 215 55 192 69L181 51C191 18 222 -16 266 -16C308 -16 351 1 397 26C471 67 545 142 545 221C545 315 486 365 401 395C469 437 558 498 558 587Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.186,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.449,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.689,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.653,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g></svg>,</span> 0.3, and 0.6 and <svg height="8.68572pt" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-0.0498209pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 29.3374 8.68572" width="29.3374pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M600 480C600 590 528 650 384 650H143L137 622C222 614 225 607 210 531L130 127C113 41 106 36 23 28L17 0H294L300 28C204 36 195 42 212 127L243 284L314 263C327 263 339 263 352 264C465 271 600 337 600 480ZM508 481C508 351 402 304 329 304C289 304 265 311 250 317L295 559C302 594 310 606 323 611C335 616 350 619 367 619C455 619 508 573 508 481Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.658,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.921,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g></svg> atm.</div>

International Journal of Energy Research

fig13

Figure 13

Figure 13: A Numerical Study of CO<sub>2</sub> Decoupled Effects on Extinction Limit and Flame Microstructure in CH<sub>4</sub>/Air Counterflow Diffusion Flame with Various Pressures 

Figure 13 | A Numerical Study of CO2 Decoupled Effects on Extinction Limit and Flame Microstructure in CH4/Air Counterflow Diffusion Flame with Various Pressures 