A Numerical Study of CO<sub>2</sub> Decoupled Effects on Extinction Limit and Flame Microstructure in CH<sub>4</sub>/Air Counterflow Diffusion Flame with Various Pressures

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static-preview.hindawi.com/articles/ijer/volume-2023/4882147/figures/4882147.fig.0015a.svgz" name="4882147.fig.0015a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>OH generation</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static-preview.hindawi.com/articles/ijer/volume-2023/4882147/figures/4882147.fig.0015b.svgz" name="4882147.fig.0015b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>OH consumption</td></tr></table>

<div>The OH generation and consumption rate profiles of the diffusion flame with CO<sub>2</sub> dilution ratio <svg height="12.7178pt" id="M56" style="vertical-align:-3.42947pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 38.1062 12.7178" width="38.1062pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M558 587C558 666 497 712 432 712C379 712 330 691 284 650C212 586 178 508 148 348L71 -65C49 -185 35 -229 23 -235L27 -261C49 -259 101 -251 124 -224C131 -216 138 -178 159 -24C171 66 197 200 227 356C264 550 295 668 393 668C443 668 479 632 479 575C479 516 446 458 383 418C361 404 344 398 318 397L296 350C395 338 460 281 460 192C460 110 411 40 300 40C258 40 215 55 192 69L181 51C191 18 222 -16 266 -16C308 -16 351 1 397 26C471 67 545 142 545 221C545 315 486 365 401 395C469 437 558 498 558 587Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.186,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.449,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.689,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.653,0)"><path d="M285 378C315 398 338 416 353 432C373 451 384 474 384 503C384 579 325 635 236 635H235C182 635 136 610 108 579L65 516L85 496C110 533 150 575 205 575C258 575 300 543 300 481C300 407 232 369 141 339L147 310C163 315 188 321 211 321C268 321 338 284 338 192C338 94 288 40 217 40C160 40 119 68 93 91C85 98 77 97 69 91C60 84 47 71 46 58C44 46 48 35 62 22C75 10 116 -12 162 -12C234 -12 424 62 424 224C424 297 373 359 285 376V378Z"></path></g></svg> at extinction strain rate under different pressures.</div>

International Journal of Energy Research

fig15

Figure 15

Figure 15: A Numerical Study of CO<sub>2</sub> Decoupled Effects on Extinction Limit and Flame Microstructure in CH<sub>4</sub>/Air Counterflow Diffusion Flame with Various Pressures 

Figure 15 | A Numerical Study of CO2 Decoupled Effects on Extinction Limit and Flame Microstructure in CH4/Air Counterflow Diffusion Flame with Various Pressures 